Chapter 13 - Project Stakeholder Management 9% Flashcards
Includes the processes required to identify the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by the project, to analyze stakeholder expectations and their impact to the project, and to develop appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and execution.
Project Stakeholder Management
The process of identifying project stakeholders regularly and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence, and potential impact on project success.
Identify Stakeholders
The process of developing approaches to involve project stakeholders based on their needs, expectations interests, and potential impact on the project.
Plan Stakeholder Engagement
The process of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and expectations, address issues, and foster appropriate stakeholder engagement involvement.
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
The process of monitoring project stakeholder relationships and tailoring strategies for engaging stakeholders through the modification of engagement strategies and plans.
Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Results in a list of stakeholders and relevant information such as their position in the organization, roles on the project, “stakes,” expectations, attitudes (level of support for the project), and their interest in information about the project.
Stakeholder Analysis
_______ can include, but are not limited to, a combination of:
-Interest: person/group can be affected by a decision related to the project or its outcomes.
- Rights (legal or moral): Legal rights (i.e., occupational health and safety) may be defined in the legislation framework of a country. Moral rights may involve concepts of protection of historical sites or environmental sustainability.
- Ownership: A person/group has a legal title to an asset or a property.
- Knowledge: Specialist knowledge, which can benefit the project thru more effective delivery of project objectives, org outcomes, or knowledge of the power structures of the org.
- Contribution: Provision of funds or other resources, including human resources, or providing support for the project in more intangible ways, such as advocacy in the form of promoting the objectives of the project or acting as a buffer between the project and the power structures of the org and its politics
Stakeholders’ Stakes
A method of categorizing stakeholders using various methods. This assists the team is building relationships with the identified project stakeholders.
Stakeholder Mapping/Representation
Stakeholder Mapping/Representation Method:
Supports a grouping of stakeholders according to their level of authority and level of concern about the project’s outcomes.
Power/Interest Grid
Stakeholder Mapping/Representation Method:
Supports a grouping of stakeholders according to their level of authority and ability to influence the outcomes of the project.
Power/Influence Grid
Stakeholder Mapping/Representation Method:
Supports a grouping of stakeholders according to their ability to cause changes to the project’s planning or execution and ability to influence the outcomes of the project.
Impact/Influence Grid
A refinement of the stakeholder mapping/representation grids. This model combines the grid elements into a 3-dimensional model that can be useful to project managers and teams in identifying and engaging their stakeholder community.
It provides a model with multiple dimensions that improves the depiction of the stakeholder community as a multidimensional entity and assists with the development of communication strategies.
Stakeholder Cube
Describes classes of stakeholders based on assessments of their power (level of authority or ability to influence the outcomes of the project), urgency (need for immediate attention, either time-constrained or relating to the stakeholders’ high stake in the outcome), and legitimacy (their involvement is appropriate.
There is an adaptation of this model that substitutes proximity for legitimacy (applying to the team and measuring their level of involvement with the work of the project).
This model is useful for large complex communities of stakeholders or where there are complex networks of relationships within the community. Also useful in determining the relative importance of the identified stakeholders.
Salience Model
Classifies stakeholders according to their influence on the work of the project or the project team itself.
Stakeholders can be classified in the following ways:
- Upward
- Downward
- Outward
- Sideward
Directions of Influence
A Direction of Influence. Consists of:
Senior management of the performing organization or customer organization, sponsor, and steering committee.
Upward
A Direction of Influence. Consists of:
The team or specialists contributing knowledge or skills in a temporary capacity.
Downward
A Direction of Influence. Consists of:
Stakeholder groups and their representatives outside the project teams, such as suppliers, government departments, the public, end-users, and regulators.
Outward
A Direction of Influence. Consists of:
The peers of the project manager, such as other project managers or middle managers who are in competition for scarce project resources or who collaborate with the project manager in sharing resources or information.
Sideward
This document contains information about identified stakeholders that includes but is not limited to:
-Identification Info: Name, org position, location, contact details, role on the project.
- Assessment Info: Major requirements, expectations, potential for influencing project outcomes, and the phase of the project life cycle where the stakeholder has the most influence or impact.
- Stakeholder Classification: Internal/External, Impact/Influence/Power/Interest, Upward/Downward/Outward/Sideward, or any other classification model chosen by the PM.
Stakeholder Reigster
Supports comparison between the current engagement levels of stakeholders and the desired engagement levels required for successful project delivery.
Stakeholders and Engagement Level Classifications are gridded out and the PM places a “C” under the current engagement level classification for each stakeholder and a “D” under the desired level for that person.
Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix
Engagement Level Classification in the Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix:
Does not know of the project and potential impacts.
Unaware
Engagement Level Classification in the Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix:
Aware of the project and potential impacts, but doesn’t want any changes that may occur as a result of the work or outcomes of the project. These stakeholders will be unsupportive of the work or outcomes of the project.
Resistant
Engagement Level Classification in the Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix:
Aware of the project, but neither supportive nor unsupportive.
Neutral
Engagement Level Classification in the Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix:
Aware of the project and potential impacts and backs the work and its outcomes.
Supportive
Engagement Level Classification in the Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix:
Aware of the project and potential impacts and actively engaged in ensuring that the project is a success.
Leading
A component of the project management plan that identifies the strategies and actions required to promote productive involvement of stakeholders in decision making and execution. Can be formal or informal and highly detailed or broadly framed, based on the needs of the project and the expectations of stakeholders.
May include, but is not limited to, specific strategies or approaches for engaging with individuals or groups of stakeholders.
Stakeholder Engagement Plan
