Chapter 13 Flashcards
Function of the nervous system
The nervous system coordinates and controls body activity.
It detects and processes internal and external information and formulates appropriate responses
Structures of the nervous system
Two major divisions of the nervous system:
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system, and ganglia
Neuron
The basic unit of he nervous sustem
The neuron consists of eh following
a cell body (soma)
dendrites
Carry impulses toward the cell body an axon
Carries impulses away from the cell
body
Combining form for dedritis
Dendr/o
Combining form for axon
ax/o
The gap between two neurons
The space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor is the synapse.
The combining forms for synapse are synaps/o and synapt/o.
Chemical substances called neurotransmitters are released into the space to allow information to be relayed
Supportive cells of nervous system
Neuroglia, or glial cells
gli/o
glue
Nerves are and combing form
A nerve is one or more bundles of impulse- carrying fibers that connect the CNS to other parts of the body.
Combining forms for nerve or nerve tissue are neur/i and neur/o.
Combining form for brain
encephal/o
Combining for for spinal cord
myel/o
The meninges
The meninges are a three- layered membrane that surrounds the CNS.
The combining forms for the
meninges are mening/o and meningi/o
Three layer of the meninges
Dura mater
The arachnoid membrane
Pia mater
The CSF is
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the clear,
colorless ultrafiltrate that nourishes, cools, and cushions the CNS.
Three main parts of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Cerebrum is the
The largest part and is responsible for receiving and processing information.
cerebr/o
Cerebellum is the
The second largest part that coordinates muscle activity.
cerebell/o
Brainstem connects the
Connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord and supports basic life functions
The autonomic nervous system is the
The autonomic nervous system is that part of the peripheral nervous system that innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Two divisions of the ANS and what they do
sympathetic: “fight or flight”
Stress response parasympathetic: “rest and digest”
Maintains normal body function
Returns body to normal after stress response
Coma
deep state of unconsciousness
PLR
Pupillary light reflex
Ataxia
Without co ordination
Catalepsy
rigidity of muscles accompanied by a trance like state
Cataplexy
Sudden attacks of muscle weakness triggered by an emotional response
Chorea
Repetitive, rhythmic contraction of facial or limb muscles
Concussion
shaking of the brain caused by injury
Contusion
bruising – injury that does not break the skin
Demyelination
Destruction or loss of myelin
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Encephalopathy
Any disease of the brain
Epilepsy
Recurrent seizures
Hematoma
Mass or collection of blood
Epidural hematoma
collection of blood above (superficial) the dura mater
Subdural hematoma
Collection of blood deep to (below) the dura mater and superficial to (above) the arachnoid membrane
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of the body
Paralysis
Loss of voluntary movement or immobility
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower body in bipeds or hindlimbs in quadrupeds
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges
Neuralagia
Nerve pain
Ptosis
Prolapse or drooping of upper eyelid
Ictus
Attack or actual seizure
Syncope
Fainting
Seizures
Sudden involuntary contraction of some muscles caused by a brain disturbance
Analgesia
Without pain - describes pain relief
Anesthesia
Absence of sensation
Topical anesthesia
absence of sensation after a substance has been applied to skin
Local anesthesia
absence of sensation after chemical injection to an adjacent area
Epidural anesthesia
absence of sensation after injection of chemical into epidural space
General anesthsia
absence of sensation and consciousness
ANS
Autonomic nervous system
CNS
central nervous system
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
PLR
Pupillary light reflux
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
Amnesia
memory loss
Ataxia
without coordination
Astrocytoma
Malignant intracranial tumor composed of astrocytes
Catalepsy
Waxing rigidity of muscles accompanied by a trancelike state
Cataplexy
Sudden attacks of muscular weakness
Chorea
Repetitive, rhythmic contraction of limb or facial muscles
ACh
acetlycholine
BBB
Blood brain barrier
CP
Conscious proprioception
PEM
Polioencephalomalacia
