Chapter 11 Flashcards
The endocrine system is composed of
The endocrine system is composed of
ductless glands that secrete chemical
messengers called hormones into the
bloodstream
Functions of the endocrine system
Hormones enter the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body to affect a variety of tissues and organs
The pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain just below the hypothalamus
Secretions of the anterior pituitary gland
luteinizing hormone (LH) –
augments ovulation and aids in
maintaining pregnancy
Lute/o means yellow – LH
transforms ovarian follicle into a
corpus luteum (yellow body)
prolactin – augments milk secretion
Lact/o means milk
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(MSH) – augments skin pigmentation
Secretions of the posterior pituitary gland
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) – maintains water balance in the body by augmenting water reabsorption by the kidney
Against increased urine production
The thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland on either side of the larynx
The parathyroid gland
The parathyroid glands are four glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland.
Combining form for parathyroid
parathyroid/o
Combining form for thyroid gland
Thyr/o and thyroid/o
The adrenal glands are
Two glands located cranial to each
kidney; they consist of a cortex and a medulla
Combining form for adrenal glands
adrenal/o and adren/o
The adrenal medulla secretes
epinephrine- stimulates the fight or flight response
The pancreas is and the combining form
gland located near the proximal duodenum
The combining form for the pancreas is pancreat/o.
The tymus is and the combining form
gland predominant in young animals located near midline in the cranioventral portion of the thoracic cavity.
The combining form for the thymus is thym/o
The pineal gland is the and combining form
The pineal gland is located near midline in the central portion of the brain and functions in maintaining circadian rhythm.
The pineal gland secretes melatonin – controls circadian rhythm
The combining form for the pineal gland is pineal/o
The gonads are the and combining form is
The gonads are glands that produce gametes (sex cells).
The gonads are the ovaries in females and the testes in males.
The combining form for the gonads is gonad/o
Adrenopathy
disease of the adrenal glands
Endocrinopathy
disease of the hormone-producing system
Hyperglycemia
abnormally elevated blood glucose
Hypoglycemia
abnormally low blood glucose
Pancretitis
inflammation of the pancreas
Thyromegaly
enlargement of the thyroid gland
Lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe
Anhiddosis
Abnormal reduction of sweating
