Chapter 11 Flashcards
The endocrine system is composed of
The endocrine system is composed of
ductless glands that secrete chemical
messengers called hormones into the
bloodstream
Functions of the endocrine system
Hormones enter the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body to affect a variety of tissues and organs
The pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain just below the hypothalamus
Secretions of the anterior pituitary gland
luteinizing hormone (LH) –
augments ovulation and aids in
maintaining pregnancy
Lute/o means yellow – LH
transforms ovarian follicle into a
corpus luteum (yellow body)
prolactin – augments milk secretion
Lact/o means milk
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(MSH) – augments skin pigmentation
Secretions of the posterior pituitary gland
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) – maintains water balance in the body by augmenting water reabsorption by the kidney
Against increased urine production
The thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland on either side of the larynx
The parathyroid gland
The parathyroid glands are four glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland.
Combining form for parathyroid
parathyroid/o
Combining form for thyroid gland
Thyr/o and thyroid/o
The adrenal glands are
Two glands located cranial to each
kidney; they consist of a cortex and a medulla
Combining form for adrenal glands
adrenal/o and adren/o
The adrenal medulla secretes
epinephrine- stimulates the fight or flight response
The pancreas is and the combining form
gland located near the proximal duodenum
The combining form for the pancreas is pancreat/o.
The tymus is and the combining form
gland predominant in young animals located near midline in the cranioventral portion of the thoracic cavity.
The combining form for the thymus is thym/o
The pineal gland is the and combining form
The pineal gland is located near midline in the central portion of the brain and functions in maintaining circadian rhythm.
The pineal gland secretes melatonin – controls circadian rhythm
The combining form for the pineal gland is pineal/o
The gonads are the and combining form is
The gonads are glands that produce gametes (sex cells).
The gonads are the ovaries in females and the testes in males.
The combining form for the gonads is gonad/o
Adrenopathy
disease of the adrenal glands
Endocrinopathy
disease of the hormone-producing system
Hyperglycemia
abnormally elevated blood glucose
Hypoglycemia
abnormally low blood glucose
Pancretitis
inflammation of the pancreas
Thyromegaly
enlargement of the thyroid gland
Lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe
Anhiddosis
Abnormal reduction of sweating
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating
Secretions of the adrenal cortex
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
Acromegly
Enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
Aldostreum
Disorder caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
Diabetes insipidus
Insufficient antidiuretic hormone production or the inability of the kidney to respond to ADH stimuli
Diabetes mellitus
a metabolic disease, involving inappropriately elevated blood glucose levels.
Gynecomastia
Condition of excessive mammary development in males
Hyperadrenocorticism
Disorder caused by excessive adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid
Hypercrinism
Condition of excessive gland secretion
Hypophysitis
Inflammation of the pituitary gland
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADH
Antidiutetic hormone
DI
Diabetes insipidus
DM
Diabetes mellitus
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
GH
Growth hormone
GLU
Glucose
hCG
Huan chorionic gonadatropin
ICSH
Intestinal cell stimulating hormone
LH
luteinizing hormone
LTH
Luteotropin hormone
MSH
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
PTH
parathyroid hormone
STH
Somatotropin hormone
T3
Triiodothyronine
T4
Thyroxine
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
