Chapter 12 Power and Violence

Question 1

Social power

Answer 1

is the ability to influence or change the thoughts, feelings, or behavior of others to suit our purposes and to resist their influence on us

Question 2

From an interdependency perspective, ____ is based on the control of valuable resources

Answer 2

power

Question 3

The principle of lesser interest

Answer 3

holds that in any partnership, the person who has less interest in continuing and maintaining the relationship has more power in that partnership

If your partner loves and needs you more than you love him or her, you’ll get to do what you want more often than not

Question 4

fate control

Answer 4

One can autocratically determine what outcomes a partner receives, thereby control-ling the other’s fate.

ex- When she is his only option, a woman who refuses to have sex with her husband is exercising fate control; she can unilaterally determine whether or not sex occurs.

Question 5

behavior control

Answer 5

This occurs when, by changing one’s own behavior, one encourages a partner to alter his or her actions in a desirable direction, too.

ex - If a woman offers to provide a special backrub if her partner cleans the garage, she’s engaging in behavior control.

Question 6

one partner’s ability to influence the other is often matched by considerable ______ of the other partner over the first

Answer 6

counterpower

Question 7

Legitimate power

Answer 7

exists when our partners believe that we have a reasonable right to tell them what to do, and they have an obligation to comply

Question 8

reward power and coercive power

Answer 8

refer to a person’s ability to bestow various rewards and punish-ments on someone else.

Question 9

We have referent power over our partners when …

Answer 9

they adore us and wish to do what we want because they feel connected to us.

Question 10

Expert power exists when …

Answer 10

our partners recognize our superior knowledge and experience and are influenced by us because we know more than they do.

Question 11

informational power is when …

Answer 11

we have specific pieces of information that influence our partners’ behavior; our partners may do what we want if we offer to share a juicy bit of gossip with them.

Question 12

Universalistic resources, such as money, can be exchanged with ….

Answer 12

almost anyone in a wide variety of situations

Question 13

Particularistic resources are valuable in some situations and not in others, and they …

Answer 13

confer power to their owner only with particular partners

Question 14

_____ _____ support and maintain male dominance

Worldwide, most cultures are still governed
by norms of patriarchy that make it seem ordinary and natural for men to be in charge most of the time

Answer 14

social norms

Question 15

four dimensions with which to judge how close you’re coming to true equality in your relationships

Answer 15

Relative status
Attention to the other
Patterns of accommodation
Well-being

Question 16

Men and women behave ____ when they are talking to others of the same sex

But in interactions with the other sex, men interrupt women more than women interrupt men, and those who interrupt others are judged to be more powerful

Answer 16

similarly

Question 17

Powerful people take up more space than less powerful people do. true or false?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Powerful people decode others’ nonverbal communications less accurately than less powerful people do. true or false?

Answer 18

true

Question 19

direct

Answer 19

plainly stating our preferences

Question 20

indirect

Answer 20

hinting at what we want but never coming right out and saying what it is

Question 21

bilateral strategies

Answer 21

seeking the cooperation of our partners

Question 22

unilateral action

Answer 22

doing what we want by ourselves

Question 23

men are direct and bilateral more often than women are. true or false?

Answer 23

true

Question 24

People who are high in ______ tend to use direct, bilateral styles of power

Answer 24

instrumentality

Question 25

Disparities in power are associated with dissatisfaction

in close relationships. true or false?

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Most modern marriages are happier when spouses share their decision-making equally and both partners’ wishes are given equal weight. true or false?

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Committed, happy lovers often use their power
to benefit their partners and to enhance,
rather than undermine, their mutual contentment. true or false?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Some people actively seek to be the top dogs
in their relationships, and they tend to be controlling,
domineering people who have unhappy partners. true or false?

Answer 28

true

Question 29

violence

Answer 29

involves acts carried out with the intention of physically hurting another person

Question 30

____ percent of the women and ___ percent of the men in the United States have encountered severe physical violence from an intimate partner

Answer 30

24

14

Question 31

___ percent of the world’s women have been assaulted by a domestic partner

Answer 31

30

Question 32

Situational couple violence

Answer 32

erupts from specific angry arguments that get out of hand.

It occurs when both partners are angry and is tied to specific arguments, so it is only occasional and is usually mild, being unlikely to escalate into serious, life-threatening forms of aggression.

Question 33

intimate terrorism

Answer 33

one partner uses violence as a tool to control and oppress the other.

intimate terrorism is more likely to be one-sided, to escalate over time, and to involve serious injury to its target.

most likely to get a battered spouse to seek shelter else-where

Isolation: controlling where she goes, what she does, whom she sees

Intimidation: Threatening, destroying her property, abusing pets

Economic abuse: Taking her money, preventing her employment

Emotional abuse: Humiliating, disregarding, and blaming
Minimizing: Denying any abuse

Question 34

violent resistance

Answer 34

in which a partner forcibly fights back against intimate terrorism.

Question 35

____ are more likely to throw something, kick, bite, scratch, or punch their partners, whereas ____ are more likely to choke, strangle, or beat up theirs.

Answer 35

women

men

Question 36

___ are also much more likely to rape or murder their partners

Answer 36

men

Question 37

mateguarding

Answer 37

we work to regulate and control our partners’ access to potential rivals, and vice versa.

Question 38

____ are more likely to engage in indirect aggression—by trying to ruin someone’s reputation by spreading rumors or gossip.

Answer 38

women

Question 39

The I-cubed model recognizes three influences on intimate partner violence:

Answer 39

Instigating triggers that cause partners to be on edge

Impelling influences that make it more likely that the partners will experience violent impulses

Inhibiting influences that encourage the partners to refrain from violence

Question 40

Impelling and inhibitory influences can be:

Answer 40

Distal, involving background influences such as economic conditions, cultural norms, and family experiences

Dispositional, including personality traits and long-standing beliefs

Relational, involving the current state of the couple’s relationship

Situational, including the current circumstances

Question 41

And violence is less likely in:

Answer 41

cultures promoting gender equality

cultures that enjoy economic prosperity

couples with good problem-solving skills

couples who are committed to their relationship

couples who are conscientious and have high self-control

Among spouses than among cohabiting couples

people who are sober

Question 42

Men who are spouse abusers feel superior to women and believe that their aggression is a legitimate response to the provocation and disrespect they receive from their wives. true or false?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

They also maintain that because they do not enjoy hurting women and did less damage than they could have, they are not “real” abusers. true or false?

Answer 43

true

Question 44

Most battered women either end the violence
or leave their partners

However, about a third stay. They believe that, despite the abuse, they will not be better off if they go, perhaps because the cost of leaving seems too high or they fear greater violence. true or false?

Answer 44

true