Ch 1 The Building Blocks of Relationships

Question 1

In order to understand relationships we must first consider _____

Answer 1

who we are
where we are
and how we got there

Question 2

Intimacy is a _____ concept with several different components

Answer 2

multifaceted

Question 3

Intimate relationships differ from more casual associations in at least 7 ways:

Answer 3

knowledge
interdependence
caring
trust
responsiveness
mutuality
commitment

Question 4

Knowledge

Answer 4

Intimate partners share personal, confidential knowledge about themselves

Question 5

Interdependence

Answer 5

One’s behavior affects one’s partner as well as oneself

it’s frequent, strong, diverse and enduring

Question 6

Caring, Trust, and Responsiveness

Answer 6

Intimate partners care about each other, trust one another, and intimacy increases when people believe that their partners understand, respect, and appreciate them and respond to their needs and welfare.

Question 7

Mutuality

Answer 7

they recognize their close connection and think of themselves as “us” instead of “me” and “him” or “her”

Question 8

Commitment

Answer 8

They expect relationship to continue, invest time, effort and resources to realize that goal

Question 9

None of the components are absolutely required for intimacy to occur, and each may exist when the other is absent. For example ___

Answer 9

spouses in a stale and unhappy marriage can be interdependent, but avoid affection and responsiveness. They are still closer than acquaintances

Question 10

There is a human need to belong in close relationships, and if the need is not met … what happens?

Answer 10

a variety of problems follow

Question 11

we only need a few close relationships; when the need to belong satiated, our drive to form additional relationships is reduced. In other words …..

Answer 11

quality is more important than quantity

Question 12

Holding a lover’s hand reduces what?

Answer 12

the brain’s alarm in response to threatening situations

Question 13

pain seems less potent when looking at what?

Answer 13

a photo of a loving partner

Question 14

wounds heal faster when others what?

Answer 14

support and accept us

Question 15

lonely, young adults have weaker what?

Answer 15

immune responses

Question 16

across the life span, those who have few friends or lovers, or those who live alone have much higher what?

Answer 16

mortality rates

Question 17

those who lack close ties to others were ___ to ___ times more likely to die over a 9 year span

Answer 17

2 to 3

Question 18

Our mental and physical health is also affected by the ___ of our connections to others

Answer 18

quality

Question 19

How has the culture changed with marriage?

Answer 19

less than 80% will marry today

women are 27 and men 29 when they marry now - much older

many live together before marriage now

having babies before married now

1/2 of marriages get divorced now

mothers with young children work now

Question 20

cohabitating partners are actually less likely to ever marry. true or false?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

individualism

Answer 21

the support of self expression and the emphasis on personal fulfillment

Question 22

technoference

Answer 22

the frequent interruptions of their interactions that are caused by their various technological devices

Question 23

phubbing

Answer 23

when one partner snubs another by focusing on a phone

Question 24

sex ratio

Answer 24

a simple count of the number of men for every 100 women in a specific population. when the ratio is high there are more men. when low, there are more women

Question 25

secure attachment

Answer 25

they happily bond with others and rely on them comfortably, and the children readily developed relationships characterized by relaxed trust

Question 26

anxious-ambivalent attachment OR PREOCCUPIED

Answer 26

uncertain of when or if a departing caregiver would return, children become nervous and clingy and were needy in their relationships.

Question 27

avoidant attachment OR FEARFUL OR DISMISSING

Answer 27

suspicious of and angry at others, and they did not easily form trusting close relationships due to fear of rejection or dismissing relationships because they are self sufficient

Question 28

4 influential types of individual variation

Answer 28

sex differences

gender differences

personalities

self esteem

Question 29

Sex differences

Answer 29

most differences are small to medium range

men and women usually overlap so they are more similar than different

individual differences are greater than sex differences

male vs female - biological distinctions

Question 30

Gender differences

Answer 30

social and psychological distinctions that are created by our cultures and upbringing

ex- the idea that mothers are more nurturing than men is a gender difference

Question 31

gender roles

Answer 31

the patterns of behavior that are culturally expected of “normal” men and women

Question 32

androgynous

Answer 32

possess both sets of competencies that are associated with being male and female (masculine and feminine)

Question 33

instrumental traits are also referred to as what?

Answer 33

masculine task oriented talents

Question 34

expressive traits are also referred to as what?

Answer 34

feminine social and emotional skills

Question 35

traditional gender roles do men and women a disservice, depriving them of skills that would make them more rewarding husbands and wives. true or false?

Answer 35

true

Question 36

personality (differences)

Answer 36

the big 5 personality traits:

opens to experience - degree to which people are imaginative, curious, unconventional, and artistic vs conforming, uncreative and story

extraversion - the extent to which people are outgoing, gregarious, assertive, and sociable versus cautious, reclusive, and shy

conscientiousness - the extent to which people are industrious, dependable, responsible, and orderly versus unreliable, disorganized, and careless

agreeableness - the degree to which people are compassionate, cooperative, good-natured, and trusting versus suspicious, selfish and hostile

neuroticism - the degree to which people are prone to fluctuating moods and high levels of negative emotion such as worry, anxiety and anger - THE MOST INFLUENTIAL

Question 37

self esteem (differences)

Answer 37

self esteem is our evaluation of ourselves

self esteem is a subjective gauge, a sociometer that measures the quality of our relationship with others

when others like us, we like our selves

Question 38

sexual selection

Answer 38

involves advantages that result in greater success at reproduction

Question 39

parental investment

Answer 39

the time, energy, and resources one must provide to one’s offspring in order to reproduce

Question 40

paternity uncertainty

Answer 40

a woman always knows if a baby is hers, but a man suffers from paternity uncertainty

Question 41

trust is a ___ process rather than a static, changeless thing

Answer 41

fluid