Chapter 12: Motivating Employees Flashcards
Achieving superior performance in the workplace
The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called _____
Motivation
Janeen’s boss is so pleased with her sales performance during the past quarter that he gives her a bonus. In terms of the model of motivation, the bonus represents a(n) _____
extrinsic reward
The satisfaction, such as a feeling of accomplishment, that a person receives from performing a task is known as a(n) _____ reward
intrinsic
Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and _____
job design
What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?
McClelland’s acquired needs theory
Herzberg’s two-factor theory
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
Raises and other monetary incentives are examples of _____ rewards
extrinsic
Brittani has worked long hours putting the finishing touches on a presentation to a major client, but she has a strong sense of self-satisfaction with her work and feels good about what she has accomplished. In terms of the model of motivation, this self-satisfaction would be categorized as a(n) _____
intrinsic reward
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called _____
needs
The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called _____
motivation
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is _____ theory
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
The satisfaction, such as a feeling of accomplishment, that a person receives from performing a task is known as a(n) _____ reward
intrinsic
Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs does this describe?
Physiological
The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people’s behavior in the workplace is called _____
McClelland’s acquired needs theory
What are the principal perspectives on motivation?
Job design
Reinforcement
Process
Content
What is important to Marie in the workplace is to be in charge and in a position of control over her co-workers. This reflects which of the following needs identified by McClelland’s acquired needs theory?
Power
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the _____ theory
self-determination
Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?
Herzberg’s two-factor theory
Which practices are managers encouraged to implement if they follow McClelland’s acquired needs theory?
Recognize achievement, affiliation, and power needs in both yourself and others.
Create work environments that help employees meet their needs for achievement, affiliation, and power.
What are the hygiene factors in Herzberg’s two-factor theory?
Working conditions
Salary
What are the needs identified by McClelland as the basis for motivation?
Need for affiliation
Need for power
Need for achievement
According to self-determination theory, people’s behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?
Competence, autonomy and relatedness
A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company’s advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?
Two-factor theory
According to Herzberg’s two-factor theory, _____ are associated with job dissatisfaction
hygiene factors
John has a strong desire to perform difficult tasks well. He is motivated by personal standards of excellence. John has a high need for _____
achievement
Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?
Expectancy theory
Equity theory
Goal-setting theory
Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve what?
Justice
Fairness
When analyzing the pay scale of her staff, Nanci saw that several equivalent positions in the department were paid at various rates. She felt that they needed to be balanced. Which aspect of equity theory is Nanci taking into consideration?
outcomes
According to equity theory, what would be characterized as inputs?
Training
Experience
Effort
Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?
Process perspectives
The model of motivation called equity theory is based on what idea?
Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance
According to equity theory, when people believe there is equity, they will _____
continue their current behavior
According to equity theory, which options are outcomes an organization provides?
praise
bonuses
pay
In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of _____
inputs
What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work?
Organizational justice
In equity theory, people compare their _____
ratio of inputs and outputs to the ratio of others in similar jobs
What are the stages of Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation?
Performance to outcomes
Effort to performance
What types of justice are the components of organizational justice?
Interactional
Procedural
Distributive
What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?
Specific
Challenging
Achievable
How does goal setting motivate employees?
Fostering employee use of action plans
Directing employee attention
Increasing employee persistence
Regulating employee efforts
What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?
Expectancy
Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job:
design
Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?
Goal-setting theory