Chapter 12 Appendicular Muscles Flashcards
Appendicular muscles control…
Muscles grouped by ___ or ____
What were formerly called origins and insertions will be called…
Appendicular muscles control upper and lower limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdles
Muscles grouped by location or part of skeleton they move
What were formerly called origins and insertions will be called proximal and distal attachments for appendicular muscles
Muscles function that stabilize or move the scapula: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Muscles function that stabilize or move the scapula: Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Subclavius Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major
Muscles That Move Glenohumeral Joint/Arm (1)
__ muscles cross glenohumeral joint and move arm or forearm
Two of them attach to the trunk and are prime movers of the joint
1.
2.
Eleven muscles cross glenohumeral joint and move arm or forearm
Two of them attach to the trunk and are prime movers of the joint
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Muscles That Move Glenohumeral joint/arm
Nine arm muscles attach to the scapula:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Rotator cuff muscles (4) 1. Subscapularis 2. Supraspinatus 3. Infraspinatus 4. Teres minor
Nine arm muscles attach to the scapula: Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Deltoid Coracobrachialis Teres major Rotator cuff muscles (4) 1. Subscapularis 2. Supraspinatus 3. Infraspinatus 4. Teres minor
Arm and Forearm Muscles That Move the Elbow Joint/Forearm (1)
-
-
-
The anterior compartment contains elbow flexors:
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
The posterior compartment contains elbow extensors:
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
Arm and Forearm Muscles That Move the Elbow Joint/Forearm (2)
Some forearm muscle pronate or supinate the forearm
Two muscles on the anterior forearm that pronate the forearm are:
1.
2.
The muscle on the posterior forearm that supinates the forearm is:
_____
Some forearm muscle pronate or supinate the forearm
Two muscles on the anterior forearm that pronate the forearm are:
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
The muscle on the posterior forearm that supinates the forearm is:
Supinator
Forearm Muscles That Move Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (1)
- Most muscles in forearm move hand and fingers
- –Called…
- Most anterior compartment muscles attach to the ____
- –They flex the wrist, hand, and fingers
- Most posterior compartment muscles attach to the ____
- –They extend the wrist, hand, and fingers
- Most muscles in forearm move hand and fingers
- –Called extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand
- Most anterior compartment muscles attach to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
- –They flex the wrist, hand, and fingers
- Most posterior compartment muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- –They extend the wrist, hand, and fingers
Forearm Muscles That Move Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (2)
Tendons of anterior compartment muscles pass over anterior surface of carpal bones
- -Along with median nerve, they are held in place by __
- -Space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum is ____
Tendons of anterior compartment muscles pass over anterior surface of carpal bones
- -Along with median nerve, they are held in place by flexor retinaculum
- -Space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum is carpal tunnel
Forearm anterior Compartment muscles
Superficial Layer 1. 2. 3. 4
Intermediate Layer
5
Deep Layer
6.
7.
8.
Superficial Layer 1. pronator teres 2. flexor carpi radialis 3. palmaris longus 4 flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate Layer
5. flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep Layer
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor digitorumprofundus
- pronator quadratus
Forearm Posterior Compartment Muscles
Superficial layer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Deep layer: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Superficial Layer 1.Extensor carpi radialis longus 2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 3 Extensor digitorum 4 Extensor digiti minimi 5 Extensor carpi ulnaris
deep layer
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor indicis
- Supinator
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Small muscles that attach how?
Divided into three groups:
1.
2.
3.
Small muscles that attach both proximally and distally on the hand Divided into three groups: 1. Thenar group 2 Hypothenar group 3. Midpalmar group
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Thenar group muscles affect the motion of the thumb and include the following:
1.
2.
3.
Thenar group muscles affect the motion of the thumb and include the following:
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Opponens pollicis
Intrinsic Muscles of the hand
Hypothenar group muscles affect the motion of finger 5 and include the following:
1.
2.
3.
Hypothenar group muscles affect the motion of finger 5 and include the following:
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Opponens digiti minimi
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Midpalmar group muscles affect the motion of all fingers and the thumb, and include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Midpalmar group muscles affect the motion of all fingers and the thumb, and include the following:
- Lumbricals
- Dorsal interossei
- Palmer interossei
- Adductor pollicis
Muscles That Move the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Include the largest and most powerful muscles in the body
Organized into specific groups:
1.
2.
Include the largest and most powerful muscles in the body
Organized into specific groups:
- Muscles that move the hip joint/thigh
- Muscles that move the knee joint/leg
Muscles That Move Hip Joint/Thigh (1)
Muscles of anterior thigh compartment flex the hip
Most of them proximally attach to ___ and distally attach to ___
Thigh (hip) flexors include 1. 2. 3. 4.
Muscles of anterior thigh compartment flex the hip
Most of them proximally attach to os coxae and distally attach to femur
Thigh (hip) flexors include
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
- Sartorius
- Rectus femoris
Muscles That Move Hip Joint/Thigh
Six muscles in medial compartment of thigh:
Six muscles in medial compartment of thigh: Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis Pectineus Adductor magnus Obturator externus
Muscles That Move Hip Joint/Thigh
Only __ muscle in the lateral thigh compartment:
- _____
- Abducts and___ the thigh
- Attaches to the____, which extends from the iliac crest to the ____
Only one muscle in the lateral thigh compartment:
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Abducts and medially rotates the thigh
- Attaches to the iliotibial tract (band), which extends from the iliac crest to the lateral condyle of the tibia
Muscles That Move Hip Joint/Thigh (4)
Gluteal group and deep muscles of gluteal region extend, abduct, and rotate hip joint/thigh
Most of them attach proximally to os coxae and distally to femur: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Gluteal group and deep muscles of gluteal region extend, abduct, and rotate hip joint/thigh
Most of them attach proximally to os coxae and distally to femur: Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Obturator internus Quadratus femoris
Muscles That Move Hip Joint/Thigh
Muscles of the posterior thigh compartment ___ the hip joint/thigh and ___ the leg
Include the ___ muscles, which are composed of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
Muscles of the posterior thigh compartment extend the hip joint/thigh and flex the leg
Include the hamstring muscles, which are composed of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
Thigh Muscles That Move Knee Joint/Leg
The anterior compartment of the thigh contains muscles that ___ the knee joint/leg
Collectively called quadriceps femoris and consist of the following muscles: 1. 2. 3. 4.
The anterior compartment of the thigh contains muscles that extend the knee joint/leg
Collectively called quadriceps femoris and consist of the following muscles:
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
Thigh Muscles That Move Knee Joint/Leg
Muscles of the posterior thigh compartment flex the leg and are collectively called the hamstrings:
1.
2.
3.
Muscles of the posterior thigh compartment flex the leg and are collectively called the hamstrings:
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
Leg Muscles
The muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes are called the crural muscles
Three compartments in the leg:
1.
2.
3.
The muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes are called the crural muscles
Three compartments in the leg:
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
Leg Muscles
Muscles in the anterior compartment primarily \_\_\_ the foot and \_\_ the toes, and include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Muscles in the anterior compartment primarily dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes, and include the following: Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius Tibialis anterior
Leg Muscles
Muscles in the lateral compartment evert and plantar flex the foot, and include the following:
1.
2.
Muscles in the lateral compartment evert and plantar flex the foot, and include the following:
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Leg Muscles
Muscles in the posterior compartment primarily plantar flex the foot, and include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Muscles in the posterior compartment primarily plantar flex the foot, and include the following: Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior Popliteus
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
Intrinsic muscles attach ____
Divided into a dorsal group of two muscles and a plantar group of ten muscles organized into four layers
The plantar surface is supported by the ___
Intrinsic muscles attach proximally and distally within the foot
Divided into a dorsal group of two muscles and a plantar group of ten muscles organized into four layers
The plantar surface is supported by the plantar aponeurosis
