Chapter 12 Flashcards
Organizational Culture
The system of shared beliefs and values that guides behavior in organizations
Observable Culture
What one sees and hears when walking around an organization
Elements of Observable Culture
1) Heroes
2) Rites and Rituals
3) Stories
4) Symbols
Heroes
People (past or present) who display core values
Rites and Rituals
Celebration of heroes and events displaying core values
Stories
Tales about events conveying core values
Symbols
Language and other symbols conveying core values
Core Culture
Consists of the core values, or underlying assumptions and beliefs that shape and guide people’s behaviors in an organization
Core Values
Beliefs and values shared by organization members
5 Types of Change
1) Top-down change
2) Bottom-up change
3) Incremental change
4) Transformational change
5) Improvisational change
Top-Down Change
The change initiatives come from senior management
Bottom-Up Change
The initiatives for change come from any and all parts of the organization, not just top management
Incremental Change
Bends and adjusts existing ways to improve performance
Transformational Change
Results in a major and comprehensive redirection of the organization
Improvisional Change
Making continual adjustments as changes are being implemented
3 Phases to Change Process
1) Unfreezing
2) Changing
3) Refreezing
Unfreezing
A situation is prepared for change and felt needs for change and developed
Changing
Something new takes place in the system, and change is implemented
Refreezing
Stabilize the change and create the conditions for its long-term continuity
Strategy
A plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall goal
3 Types of Change Strategies
1) Force-Coercion Strategy
2) Rational Persuasion Strategy
3) Shared Power Strategy
Force-Coercion Strategy
Pursues change through formal authority and/or the use of rewards or punishments
Rational Persuasion Strategy
Pursues change through empirical data and rational argument
Shared Power Strategy
Pursues change by participation in assessing change needs, values, and goals
Value-Based Management
Actively develops, communications, and enacts shared values