Chapter 12

Question 1

Experiments that revolve around the behaviour of an individual case in an attempt to modify the behaviour of that case

Answer 1

Single-case experimental designs

Question 2

Key features of single case experiments

Answer 2

1. Participants are their own control
2. Interchanging treatment and baseline phase
3. Multiple measurements per replication/phase
4. data is examined separately per case
5. A visual analysis is used

Question 3

Advantages of single case experiments

Answer 3

1. Requires a small amount of participants to work
2. Can be used to study rare cases
3. Used to examine if an intervention works on a specific case
4. Flexible
5. You can’t average results, so extreme results are not ignored

Question 4

A subfield of psychology that examines the relation between physical properties of stimuli and sensory-perceptual responses

Answer 4

psychophysics

Question 5

An approach to a study that under controlled conditions environmental stimuli and consequences regulate an individual’s behaviour

Answer 5

experimental analysis of behaviour

Question 6

A field of clinical research that applies the experimental analysis of behaviour to problems of social importance

Answer 6

applied behavior analysis

Question 7

A sequence of phases where the treatment is either absent or present

Answer 7

ABAB designs or withdrawal designs

Question 8

What does A, B and C represent in single-case designs

Answer 8

A is the lack of treatment
B is the treatment
C would then be treatment condition 2

Question 9

The desired behaviour change

Answer 9

target behavior

Question 10

Why do single-case designs have a withdrawl phase

Answer 10

This is to ensure that it is actually the treatment that caused the change in behaviour

Question 11

Limitations of ABAB designs

Answer 11

1. You cannot ethically remove the treatment if it proves to give a positive change in behaviour
2. it is difficult to draw conclusions if the withdrawal phase does not cause a return to the baseline

Question 12

A single-case design that is like an ABAB in the first participant, then there is a modification in the second experiment

Answer 12

Multiple-baseline designs

Question 13

Two or more participants are exposed to the same treatment, but at different times

Answer 13

multiple-baseline design across subjects

Question 14

The same treatment is applied to two or more times to the same individual, but different behavior changes are measured

Answer 14

a multiple-baseline design across behaviours

Question 15

The same treatment is applied to the same target behaviour in multiple settings

Answer 15

multiple-baseline design across settings

Question 16

Limitations of multiple-baseline designs

Answer 16

1. Cannot draw causal conclusions
2. Is it ethical to withhold effective treatements

Question 17

A baseline phase is followed by a treatment phase that lasts until the target behaviour meets a criteria, then a new phase with a different criteria starts.

Answer 17

changing-criterion design

Question 18

Does a single-case design need to only be one person?

Answer 18

No, the single case could be a social unit

Question 19

Limitations of single-case studies

Answer 19

1. Vulnerable to order effects
2. Difficult to rule out alternative explanations
3. Not effective in their ability to examine all potential interactions
4. No external valididty