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Psychology 201 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

an experiment with all the features of an experiment but lacks control

A

quasi-experiment

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2
Q

Major ways that quasi-experiments are lacking

A

Indépendant variable is not manipulated
Dependant variable does not have control of some part of the measurement
Extraneous environmental variables
Participant characteristics

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3
Q

When to use a quasi-experiment

A

The effects of social programs or interventions when participants have something that cannot be manipulated like depression

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4
Q

Why not use a quasi-experiment

A

they are more vulnerable to interval validity threats

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5
Q

What does an “O” mean in a quasi-experiment design

A

observation or measurement period

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6
Q

What does an “X” mean in a quasi-experiment design

A

the treatment

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7
Q

The basic threats to internal validity

A

History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, regression to the mean, attrition

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8
Q

A treatment occurs and afterwards the dependent variable is measured once

A

One group post-test only design

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9
Q

Why use a one group post-test only design

A

used in knowledge retention studies or after a program

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10
Q

Limitations to a one group post-test only design

A

There is no way to know participants baseline

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11
Q

A dependant variable is measured once before and once after treatment

A

one group pretest-postest design

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12
Q

Why use a one group pretest-posttest design

A

Capable of assessing the amount of change from a treatment

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13
Q

Limitations on one group pretest-posttest design

A

All the threats to internal validation are possible alternative explanation

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14
Q

A dependent variable is repeatedly measured in intervals before and after a treatment

A

simple interrupted time-series design

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15
Q

why use a simple interrupted time-series design

A

helps rule out the threats of maturation, testing and regression

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16
Q

Stituations in which, at the start of a study, participants in the various conditions already differ on a characteristic

A

selection

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17
Q

The interaction of selection with another threat to internal validity

A

section interactions

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18
Q

Selection x history

A

participants in one group experience outside events that don’t effect the other

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19
Q

Selection x maturation

A

when one group’s behaviour is modified and the other’s is not

20
Q

selection x testing

A

one group experiences testing effects

21
Q

selection x instrumentation

A

there is an issue in the measurement tools in one group

22
Q

selection x regression

A

one group is selected on the basis of extreme scores

23
Q

selection x attrition

A

one group has a lot of people who drop out

24
Q

participants in one condition are exposed to a treatment and then both groups take the post-test

A

posttest -only design with a non-equivalent control group

25
Q

Issues with posttest -only design with a non-equivalent control group

A

you cannot compare the two groups based on change because there is no pretest

26
Q

A pretest and posttest is conducted with one group getting the treatment in-between

A

pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group

27
Q

Advantages of a pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group

A

provides information to judge effectiveness of treatment, how much the dependent variable changed, and informs about types of threats present

28
Q

Limitations pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group

A

Cannot control for selection x history

29
Q

a series of pre- and postreatement scores are taken from two groups at certain times

A

Interrupted time-series design with a nonequivalent control group

30
Q

Advantages Interrupted time-series design with a nonequivalent control group

A

Allows us to know if the treatment caused the change and compare the change with another group

31
Q

Limitation Interrupted time-series design with a nonequivalent control group

A

Still lacks control over all threats of internal validity

32
Q

One group receives a treatment and a nonequivalent group initially does not receive the treatment but is then exposed to it at a later point in time

A

switching replication design

33
Q

Pretest postest design with switching replication advantages

A

Stronger support for the findings, provides more information about internal valitity threats

34
Q

the initial treatment group no longer receives the treatment when the groups are switched.

A

switching replication with treatment removal

35
Q

The evaluation of research methods to assess the need for change or effectiveness. Quasi experiments are used to do this

A

program evaluation

36
Q

Benefits of program evaluation

A

help organizations determin if a new program is needed, if it is effective, if it needs improvement, and if scientific findings can be used in the real world

37
Q

constraints of program evaluation

A

Usually asked for by stakeholders who expect certain results

38
Q

Compontents of a program evaluation

A

needs assessment, program theory and design assessment, outcome evaluation and efficiency assessment

39
Q

Determines whether there is a need for a social program

A

needs assessment

40
Q

the rational for why a program has been designed in a certain way

A

program theory and design assessment

41
Q

Determines whether a program is being implemented as intended

A

process evaluation

42
Q

What to include in a process evaluation

A
  1. is the program being delivered as attended
  2. is the person qualified to deliver it
  3. is the members of the target population getting the program
  4. is the correct amount getting the program
43
Q

Assesses a program’s effectivness

A

outcome evaluation

44
Q

Occurs when knowledge, services or other experiences that are intended for one group are unintentionally received by another group

A

contamination

45
Q

the program’s effectiveness and benefits in relation to costs

A

efficiency assessment

46
Q

the process of implementing a program to new groups while maintaining effectiveness

A

program diffusion

47
Q

Phases of a program diffusion

A

dissemination, adoption, implementation , sustainablity

Psychology 201 (12 decks)

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