Chapter 11 Test Review Flashcards
the major route north to Abilene, Kansas
Chisholm Trail
declared “a public and private nuissance”
Hydraulic Mining
self appointed volunteers to track down and punish wrongdoers
Vigilance Committee
vast areas of grassland owned by the federal government
Open Range
process of extracting shallow deposits of ore largely by hand
Placer Mining
What brought the first wave of settlers to the West?
Mining
Although only a fraction of the herds survived when ranchers rounded up their cattle in 1866, it was the first….
Long Drive
in 1859, when prospector Henry Comstock staked a claim in Six-Mile Canyon, Nevada, the sticky blue-gray mud there turned out to be…
Silver Ore
Deep Deposits of minerals led to the creation of one of the most legendary boomtowns that dotted the mining frontier known as….
Leadville
Eventually and after considerable loss of life, the open range was largely fenced off with a new invention called
Barbed Wire
Who staked a claim in Six-mile canyon that turned out to be nearly pure silver ore?
Henry Comstock
In addition to Nevada, mining also spurred the development of….
Colorado, Arizona, the Dakotas and Montana
Process that used simple equipment like picks and pans
Placer Mining
What type of cattle could survive harsh climates?
Texas Longhorns
In 1866, ranchers drove about 260,000 cattle came to
Sedalia Missouri
How many cattle did cowboys drive up the Chisolm Trail?
1.5 Million
Who taught American cowhands their trade and enriched the English language with words or Hispanic Origin
Vaqueros
Spanish speaking neighborhoods
Barrios
Strikes like the Comstock Lode created cities overnight called
Boomtowns
Once the mines that supported the boomtowns were used up the population dwindled or it would become a
Ghost Town
Name some famous mining areas
Pikes Peak, Leadville, The Black Hills, Tombstone
American headed to the Black Hills to mine
Gold and Silver
The purpose of cattle drives was to move them towards the..
railroad
Long drives ended due to the invention of what
barbed wire
a tract of public land available for settlement
homestead
often brought their owners big profits
Bonanza Farms
productive farm area that began at the eastern edge of the Great Plains
Wheat Belt
Stephen Long
Explored Great Plains in 1819
planting seeds deep in the ground where there was enough moisture for them to grow
Dry Farming
Threshing machines were used for
Harvesting Wheat
What hardships did settlers on the Great Plains face?
Scorching Summers
Settlement in the Great Plains was promoted by the railroads and supported by
The Government
The great plains extends westward to the
Rocky Mountains
What name did the first explorers of the Great Plains give the are?
The Great American Desert
Land once thought to be worthless for farming was transformed into America’s
wheatbelt
News spread that there was cheap what in America?
FARMLAND
In 1862, the government encouraged people moving to the plains by doing what?
passing the Homestead Act
How much did you pay to file for a homestead and how much land did you get?
$10 and 160 acres
Who lost their homesteads due to a combination of drought, wind erosion and overuse of land
Sodbusters
Innovations in farming were what?
mechanical reaper, steam tractor, treshing machine
Wheat belt began at the eastern edge of great plains and encompassed much of the
Dakotas, and part of Nebrask and Kansas
What marked the end of an era
The closing of the frontier
First major clash began in 1862 when the Dakota Sioux launched an attack in
Minnesota
Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in exchange for
annuities
who led sioux uprising
Little Crow
what was the Lakota war called?
Red Clouds War
What chief brought several hundred Cheyenne to Fort Lyon to negotiate a peace agrreement
Chief Black Kettle
Where native americans were mercilessly attacked…
Sand Creek Massacre
Proposed creating two reservations
Indiam Peace Commission
What General was sent to the black hills in the battle of little bighonr
Custer
How many soldiers were killed in the battle with Custer
210
Who led the Nez Perce people?
Chief Joseph
Where were the Nez Perce exiled to?
Oklahoma
Native American resistence came to an end where?
on the Lakota Reservation
Federal authorities banned what
the Ghost Dance
After continuing to do the Ghost Dance the army killed who and how many native americasn
Chief Sitting Bull, and 200 Lakotas
The government tried to do what to native americas?
Assimilate them into western society
they divided reservations into individual whats?
allotments
In 1887 Congress passed what that failed to achieve its goals
Dawes Act
In 1924 Congress passed the what? granting all Native Americans citizenship
The Citizenship Act
policies of assimilation and allotment finally ended under what
the New Deal
