Chapter 11: Social Structure and Demographics Flashcards
Define sociology.
The study of society: how we create society, how we interact within it, how we define what is normal and abnormal in society, and how we institutionalize these ideas
Differentiate macrosociology and microsociology.
Macrosociology: focuses on large groups and social structure
Microsociology: focuses on small groups and the individual
Define a social structure.
A system of people within a society organized by a characteristic pattern of relationship
Define functionalism/functional analysis.
The study of the structure and function of each part of society; viewing society as a living organism
Define function.
Refers to the beneficial consequences of people’s actions
According to functional theorists, what helps keep society in balance?
Functions
Define dysfunctions.
Harmful consequences of people’s actions as they undermine a social system’s equilibrium
What are manifest functions?
Deliberate actions that serve to help a given system
What are latent functions?
Unexpected, unintended, or unrecognized positive consequences of manifest functions
What is the manifestation of deviance in healthcare and medicine?
The individual who has fallen ill is not only physically sick, but now adheres to the specifically patterned social role of being sick that disrupts the normal social order of society
What does conflict theory state? Who’s work is it based on?
- Karl Marx
- Focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order
What can power differentials lead to?
The dominance of a particular group if it successfully outcompetes other groups for economic, political and social resources
What is symbolic interactionism?
The study of the ways individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols
What is social constructionism?
Focuses on how individuals put together their social reality; arise from humans communicating and working together to agree on the significance of a concept or principle
How a society defines honor and justice, how paper money and coinage are imbued with value from society are examples of what concept?
Social constructionism
Define social institutions. What do they regulate?
- Well-established social structures that dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationships and are accepted as a fundamental part of culture
- Regulate the behavior of individuals in core areas of society
What are the 6 types of social institutions?
- Education
- Family
- Religion
- Government
- Economy
- Medicine
What does beneficence mean?
The physician has a responsibility to act in the patient’s best interest
What does nonmaleficence mean?
- Do no harm
- The physician has a responsibility to avoid treatments or interventions in which the potential for harm outweighs the potential for benefit
What does respect for patient autonomy mean?
The physician has a responsibility to respect patients’ decisions and choices about their own healthcare
What does justice mean in terms of medical ethics?
The physician has a responsibility to treat similar patients with similar care, and to distribute healthcare resources fairly
Define culture.
Encompassing the entire lifestyle for a given group; what makes human societies unique from one another
What is material culture?
- Focuses on the artifacts associated with a group
- Physical objects (artworks, clothing, jewelry, foods, buildings, tools)
What is symbolic culture?
- Focuses on the ideas and principles that belong to a particular group
- Mottos, songs, catchphrases, themes