Chapter 11: Social Cognition Pt.II Flashcards
What are the different patterns of brain activity related to subliminal and supralimal perception of African-American faces?
Subliminal – automatic amygdala response, Supraliminal – consciously controlled response in the ACC, VLPFC, and DLPFC
Describe Amodio’s ERP study of weapon perception.
Priming of objects by African American faces facilitated the detection of weapons and impaired the detection of tools. Priming with Caucasian faces had no effect. The ERNs were largest for errors in which African American faces primed tool. The greater the internal monitoring (doesn’t want to be racist), the larger the ERN waveform.
From a neuroscientific perspective, why are white police officers more likely to shoot an African-American person than a white person?
What do you think elicited the largest ERNs? Mistakenly shooting an unarmed white. When the target was black, ERNs after incorrect decisions to “shoot” or to “not shoot” did not differ. suggests that regulatory processes were not as strong for African American targets as they were for Caucasian target.
What brain areas are related to judging if a face is trustworthy? How does amygdala damage affect this ability?
untrustworthy is insula, trustworthy is mPFC orbitofrontal and caudate. Amy responded highly to both but more for untrustorthty
What do mirror neurons do? What brain areas contain mirror neurons?
Neurons discovered in the premotor cortex that fire when an animal (including humans) passively views someone else perform an action.
What is mentalizing? What are three ways of testing theory of mind?
Perspective-taking is the ability to adopt the perspective of another person (3rd-person viewpoint) and distinguish it from one’s own (1st-person viewpoint). ToM: Inferring unobservable mental states in others. False beliefs test: A test in which the observed individual holds beliefs that the perspective-taker knows to be untrue. (the sally anne doll, location change task, or paced in container Unexpected-Contents Tasks) Faux-Pas-Detection Task. Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task
What is an intentional stance?
the assumption that others are agents motivated to behave in a way that is consistent with their current mental state
What primate species can and cannot perform mentalizing tasks? This difference is likely due to development in which area of the brain?
Chimpanzees and orangutans can distinguish between accidental and intentional actions. Monkeys (who have less cortex) cannot perform any of these tasks. Frontopolar cortex, mPFC, Temporal pole, RIPC, STS,Temporoparietal junction
What is the difference between empathy and sympathy? How do the neural systems involved with these two functions differ?
Sympathy: Feeling concern for another person, but not feeling the actual emotion felt by that person. Empathy: The ability to comprehend and resonate with another person’s emotional experience, such that the emotion is experienced by the observer.
What are four components of empathy?
Emotional sharing, emotional regulation, mental flexing, self awareness
How is lower socioeconomic status associated with health problems (p. 388)?
increased risk of cardiovascular, respiratory, rheumatoid and psychiatric diseases as well as increased morality rates
What is power motivation? What neurotransmitters are related to this motivation?
and enduring preference for having impact on other people or the world at large. epinephrine and norepinephrine which release testosterone in men which releases dopamine.
