Chapter 10: Emotion Pt.I Flashcards
What are emotions? How do basic and complex emotions differ (p. 324)?
Emotions are neurally based dispositions that facilitate appropriate reactions to events of biological significance, leading to outcomes that influence evolutionary success. Basic: (an emotion thats innate pan-cultured, evolutionary old, shared with other species, and expressed by a particular physiological pattern and facial configuration. Complex: emotion that’s learned socially and culturally shaped, evolutionarily new, and typically expressed by a combination of the response patterns that characterized basic emotions.
What are three components of emotions?
Behavior, Feeling, Physiology: physio responces, action tendancies, subjective feelings
What are four functions of emotion?
Immediate responses to situations; To influence social behaviour; Communication of intention; Provide subjective feelings that will alter an individual’s behaviour
What are the six basic emotions?
anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, surprise
What is emotional valence and what is arousal?
valence: positive vs. negative emotions, relative pleasantness. Arousal: physio responce to a stimulus (positive or neg)
What brain areas are affected by PTSD?
reduced hippo/amygdala volume
How do vector and circumplex models of emotion differ?
Vector: quantittative, Circumflex is qualitative
What is the difference between the Right-Hemisphere Hypothesis and the Valence Hypothesis?
RHH: pos/neg emotions are all on R.hem, Valence: pos on l.hem and neg on r.hem
Which theory of emotional lateralization do lesion studies tend to support?
valence theory supported by lesion studies
Which theory of emotional lateralization do cognitive/behavioural studies tend to support? What about EEG studies?
eeg studies support valence as well (behavioural studies though support right hand hypoth)
What is the difference between the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory?
JAMES: emotional stim perceived with various rapid motor/sensory response ANS. CANNON: hypothal/thal is important for emotional response
Describe the Papez circuit.
This circuit involves brain areas connected to the hypothalamus. Hypothal—>anterior thal—>cingulate gyrus—>hippocamp—>hypothal
What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
damage to anterior temp that includes lack of appreciation for the motivational significance of objects in the environment, hyperorality and altered sexual behaviour
According to Maclean, what is the limbic system?
hippocamp is keybord upon which emotions play. integrator of emotional reactions.
What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
sympathy: uses NRG, fight/flight. Parasym: conserves energy, one term survival
Which brain areas are involved with the sympathetic nervous system, and which are involved with the parasympathetic nervous system?
sympathies is thoracic and lumbar vert. Parasym is cranial and sacral vert
What is the startle response?
protective muscoskeletal reflex elicited by intense and unexpected stimulus.
What are galvanic skin responses?
Galvanic skin response is sweat response
How do OFC or amygdala lesions affect autonomic responses?
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex or amygdala can impair sympathetic response
How is the dorsal anterior cingulate related to the autonomic nervous system?
Receiving feedback from the body. The dorsal ACC is related to task difficulty (remember the Stroop task?). Task difficulty enhances PNS activity. Activity in the right dorsal ACC is correlated with changes in blood pressure, as well as with sympathetic N.S. responses on heart rate. The ACC is also involved in integrating cognitive processes with autonomic arousal. GSRs, heart rate, pupil responses
What is the role of the right insula in emotional responses?
The right insula is related to knowledge of one’s own body state. Example: Guessing whether a stimulus was your heart beat or an altered heart beat. Arousal/consious awarness, rejects to VMPFC
What is the somatic marker hypothesis? How is it tested, and which brain area(s) is/are most often implicated in these effects?
VMPFC links factual knowledge and information about ANS, endocrine, and musculoskeletal changes associated with an event. When a similar event occurs, these ‘somatic markers’ are retrieved. The VMPFC triggers reactivation of the somatosensory pattern by stimulating emotional structures such as the amygdala. Tested with Iowa gambling task.
