Chapter 11 - Section 4 Flashcards
Cellular Responses
Cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities.
Where do cellular responses to signal transductions occur?
In the nucleus or cytoplasm
How do signaling pathways regulate the synthesis of enzymes or other proteins?
By turning genes on or off in the nucleus.
What are the four fine-tuning regulations of the response?
- Amplification of the signal (and thus the response)
- Specificity of the response
- Overall efficiency of response, enhanced by scaffolding proteins.
- Termination of the signal
What is responsible for signal amplification?
Enzyme cascades amplify the cells response
Cross “talk” or pathway breaching
Helps cells with different collection of proteins detect and respond to different signals.
Scaffolding proteins
Large relay proteins to which other relay proteins are attached
What do scaffolding proteins do?
They increase the signal transduction efficiency by grouping together different proteins involved in the same pathway.
Inactivation Mechanism
A process in the termination of the signal, ligand concentration falls, fewer receptors will be bound and unbound receptors will revert to an inactive state.
