Chapter 11- Final STUDY GUIDE MATERIAL Flashcards
what is memory
how we interact with antigen and immediately become an effector cell
what cell types are involved in memory
long lived plasma cells
memory b cells
memory t cells
long lived plasma cells are in
bone marrow and secrete Ab
memory b cells maintain
BCR and class switch upon encountering Ag-> become a plasma cells
memory t cells do what upon activated
immediately are activated
how do we shut down activation of naive cells at the end of infection for primary response early
naive b cell bind pathogen-> naive b cells is activated to become antibody-producing plasma cell-> plasma cell secretes low-affinity IgM (FcgammaRIIB1- inhibitory prevent B cell activation)
how do we shut down activation of naive cells at the end of infection for primary response late
naive b cells bind the pathogen coated with high-affinity IgG (uses class switching)-> naive b cell receives a negative signal from Fc receptor-> naive B cells induced to die
3 steps in late primary response in shutting down naive cells
- IgG binds to FcgammaRIIBI
- igG binds microbe
- inhibits activation
how do we shut down activation of naive cells at the end of infection for secondary response
memory b cell binds pathogen-> memory B cell is activated to become an antibody-producing plasma cell-> plasma cell secretes high-affinity IgG
2 steps for secondary response to shutting down naive cells at the end of infection
- memory binds Ag
- become a plasma cell
types of vaccines
live attenuated
killed
subunit
conjugated
weaken version of pathogen is what
live attenuated
whole inactivated virus is
killed
conjugate the carb to a protein is
conjugated
how does live attenuated work
through passaging-> passing microbes will adopt mutation to grow best is passaging medium which reduces pathogenesis in humans
what is passage=
transferring media from infected cells to uninfected cells
what is included in making a killed vaccine
formalin inactivation
heat inactivation
radiation
5 steps for conjugated vaccine for carbs
- vaccine interact with BCR+ carb+ protein
- B cell takes up Ag and breaks it down
- protein component loaded onto MHC
- TfH cell help-> germinal center reaction
- secreting high affinity IgG
known as community immunity, is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection
herd immunity
who does herd immunity help
people who cant get vaccinated
steps for conjugate vaccine with polysaccharide
carb-> t- independent-> low affinity IgM
steps for conjugate vaccine with polysaccharide and protein
carb and protein-> t- dependent-> T cell help-> awesome Abs
what vaccine do you adjuvants too
subunit
phenomenon in the immune system where the immune response to a new strain of a pathogen is influenced by the first strain the immune system encountered, rather than responding optimally to the new strain
orginal antigenic sin
what is a vaccine
immunzing w weakened or non-infectious form of the pathogen to mount a protective immune response
hepatitis b virus
subunit (recombinant)
poliovirus sabine
live attenuated
poliovirus sulk
killed
smallpox virus
live attenuated
measles
live attenuated
mycobacteirum tuberculosis
live attenuated - attenuated strain of bovine mycobasterium tuberculosis
clostridium tetanus
toxoid
corynebacterium diphtheriae
toxoid
bordetella pertussis
killed bacteria, subunit vax composed of pertussis toxoid and other bacterial antigens
neisseria meningitis
purified capsular polysaccharide (conjugated)
first infection of orginal antigenic sin is
we make antibodies to all 4 surface antigens
second infection for orginal antigenic sin is
the virus is neuralized= short infection
third infection for orginal antigenic sin
overall less neutralization= longer illness
fourth infection for orginal antigenic sin
weak neutralization= longer disease
fifth infection for original antigenic sin
make new antibodies to all four antigen= primary response
