Chapter 10: The Muscular System

Question 1

Function of Muscles

Answer 1

movement, stability, control of openings, heat production, and glycemic control

Question 2

One major purpose of skeletal muscles

Answer 2

Converting the chemical energy in ATP into the mechanical energy of motion

Question 3

Endomysium

Answer 3

Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue around each fiber
Allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers
Provides chemical environment for muscle fiber

Question 4

Perimysium

Answer 4

Thicker layer of connective tissue that wraps fascicles
Fascicles: bundles of muscle fibers wrapped together
Carries nerves, blood vessels, and stretch receptors

Question 5

Epimysium

Answer 5

Fibrous sheath surrounding entire muscle

Outer surface grades into fascia; inner surface projections form perimysium

Question 6

Fascia

Answer 6

Sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and the subcutaneous tissue

Question 7

Fusiform Muscles

Answer 7

thick in the middle and tapered at each end

Question 8

Parallel Muscles

Answer 8

uniform width and parallel fascicles

Question 9

Triangular Muscles

Answer 9

broad at one end and narrow at the other

Question 10

Pennate Muscles

Answer 10

feather shaped

• Unipennate—fasciles approach tendon from one side
• Bipennate—fascicles approach tendon from both sides
• Multipennate—bunches of feathers converge to single point

Question 11

Circular Muscles

Answer 11

form rings around body openings

Question 12

Muscle Compartment

Answer 12

a group of functionally related muscles enclosed by fascia

Question 13

Intermuscular Septa

Answer 13

very thick fascia that separate one compartment from another

Question 14

Intrinsic Muscle

Answer 14

entirely contained within a region, such as the hand

Question 15

Extrinsic Muscle

Answer 15

acts on a designated region, but has one attachement elsewhere

Question 16

Four categories of muscle action

Answer 16

Prime mover (agonist), synergist, antagonist and fixator

Question 17

Innvervation

Answer 17

refers to the identity of the nerve that stimulates it

Question 18

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 18

prolonged, repetitive motions of wrist and fingers cause tissues in the carpal tunnel to become inflamed, swollen, or fibrotic

Question 19

Common Injuries

Answer 19

Compartment syndrome
Shin splints
Pulled hamstrings
Tennis elbow
Pulled groin 
Rotator cuff injury