Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 > Chapter 10: Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

All Skeletal muscles…

A

pull; they never push and cross at least one joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When muscles contract the insertion usually…

A

moves toward the origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If muscle crosses joint on anterior side it…

A

produces flexion (with the exception of the knee and ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If muscle crosses joint on posterior side it…

A

provides extension (with the exception of the knee and ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If muscle crosses joint on lateral side it…

A

produces abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If muscle crosses joint on medial side…

A

it produces adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prime Mover

A

aka agonist; main muscle involved in an action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synergist

A

muscle that aids prime mover in the dame action (adds extra force or reduces undersirable movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fixator

A

muscle that immobilizes a bone (stabilizes the origin of the prime mover); play an important role when a prime mover spans two or more joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the prime mover, synergist, and antagonist of flexion of the arm?

A

prime mover- pectoralis major; synergist-clavicular deltoid; antagonist- latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the prime mover, synergist, and antagonist of flexion of the forearm?

A

prime mover- biceps brachii; synergist- brachioradialis and brachialis; antagonist- tricpes brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effects the name of a muscle?

A

location, shape, size, direction of muscle fibers, number of origins, location of attachment, muscle action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Location

A

temporalis (temporal bone); intercostals ( between ribs); pectorals (chest); gluteus (buttock); abdominus (abdominal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shape

A

deltoid (triangle); trapezius (trapezoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Size

A

maximus (largest); minimus (smallest); longus (long)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Direction of Muscle Fibers

A

rectus (straight); transversus (across); oblique (diagonal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Number of Origins

A

biceps (2); triceps (3); quadriceps (4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Location of Attachments

A

origin is always listed first; ex) sternocleidomastoid- sternum and clavicle are origins, mastoid process is insertion

20
Q

Muscle Action

A

flexor, extensor, adductor

21
Q

Circular

A

fascicles arranged in a ring; surround external body openings; function as sphincters

22
Q

Convergent

A

broad origin and narrow insertion (triangular or fan-shaped muscle); fascicles converge toward a single tendon of insertion

23
Q

Parallel

A

fascicles run parallel to long axis of a strap like muscle

24
Q

Fusiform

A

spindle shaped muscle (tapered ends with an extended belly)

25
Q

Pennate

A

short fasicles that attach obliquely to a tendon that runs length of entire muscle (looks like a feather); has three types; unipennate- fascicles attach to one side of tendon; bipennate- fascicles attach to opposite sides of tendon; mulitpennate- looks like several bipennate forms inserted into one large tendon

26
Q

Muscle Length vs. Power

A

skeletal muscles shorten up to 70% of resting length when they contract; long muscles with parallel fascicles shorten the most but are not the most powerful; muscle strength depends on number of fibers; the greater number of fibers the greater the power

27
Q

Lever System and Components

A

muscles use bones as levers to move objects; lever- rigid bar (bone) that move on a fulcrum; fulcrum- F, fixed point (joint); effort- E, applied force (muscle); Load- L, weight of object being moved

28
Q

First Class Lever

A

fulcrum is between load and effort (L-F-E); operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage depending on position of fulcrum

29
Q

In a first class lever, if the effort is farther from the fulcrum than the load….

A

then lever is a “power lever” that operates at a mechanical advantage (amplifies force applied but not speed)

30
Q

In a first class lever, if the load is farther from the fulcrum than the effort…

A

then lever is a “speed lever” that operates at a mechanical disadvantage (amplifies speed of muscle contraction but not it force)

31
Q

Second Class Lever

A

load is between fulcrum and effort (F-L-E); always operates at a mechincal advantage and power lever

32
Q

Third Class Lever

A

effort is between load and fulcrum (L-E-F); most common type; all operate at a mechanical disadvantage; speed lever

33
Q

Lever Mnemonic

A

1,2,3-F,L,E; 1st class fulcrum is in middle; second class load is in middle; 3rd class effort is in middle

34
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A

frontal belly of epicranius, occipital belly, corrugator supercili, orbicularis oculi; zygomaticus; risorius; orbicularis oris; buccinator; platysma

35
Q

Muscles of Mastication (or Chewing)

A

masseter; temporalis; buccinator

36
Q

Muscles of Neck

A

sternocleidomastoid; external intercostals; internal intercostals; diaphragm

37
Q

Muscles of Abdominal Wall

A

rectus abdominus; external obliques; internal obliques; transveresus abdominus;

38
Q

Muscles of Anterior Thorax

A

pectoralis minor; serratus anterior;

39
Q

Muscles of POsterior Thorax

A

trapezius; rhomboids

40
Q

Muscles Crossing Shoulder Joint to move arm

A

biceps brachii; brachialis; brachioradialis; triceps brachii;

41
Q

Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joint

A

sartoris; adductor magnus; adductor longus; gracilis; quadriceps femoris; tensor fascia lata; gluteus maximus; gluteus medius; hamstrings

42
Q

What are the four muscles of the quadricep femoris?

A

rectus femoris; vastus lateralis; vastus medialis;vastus intermedius

43
Q

What are the muscles of the hamstring?

A

biceps femoris; semitendonusus; semimembranous

44
Q

Muscles of the Leg

A

THIS IS THE CORRECT ORDER FROM ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR tibialis anterior; extensor digitorum longus; fibularis longus; soleus; gastrocnemius

45
Q

What three muscles are the common sites for intramuscular injection?

A

deltoid; gluteus medius; vastus lateralis

46
Q

Which place is used most often for injections on infants?

A

vastus lateralis

A&P 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions