Chapter 10

Question 1

Define positive youth development

Answer 1

A strengths based view of children and adolescents

Question 2

Define sport skills

Answer 2

Learned abilities related to sport participation and performance

Question 3

Define personal development

Answer 3

Improvements in self awareness and initiative

Question 4

A PYD approach to youth sport focuses on the

Answer 4

Personal assets and strengths of all youth to achieve the positive outcomes of sport involvement

Question 5

What are the three important objectives in children’s development

Answer 5

Sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active which lead to improved physical health through sport participation

Important to youths personal development providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation

Critical for the learning and performance of motor skills

Question 6

What are the three P outcomes

Answer 6

Performance

Participation

Personal development

Question 7

What is a framework of positive youth development

Answer 7

Developmental assets

Question 8

Define developmental assets

Answer 8

Social and psychological building blocks for human development include internal and external assets

Question 9

Define external assets

Answer 9

Positive developmental experiences resulting from the environment or the community

Question 10

Define internal assets

Answer 10

Positive developmental experiences resulting from internalized skills and competencies

Question 11

Define relaxed leisure activities

Answer 11

Activities that are enjoyable but not demanding in terms of effort

Question 12

Define constructive leisure activities

Answer 12

Activities that require sustained effort toward the achievement of a clear goal

Question 13

Define initiative

Answer 13

The ability to be motivated from within and to direct attention and effort toward a challenging goal over time

Question 14

What are the 5Cs of positive youth development

Answer 14

Competence

Character

Connection

Confidence

Caring (compassion)

Question 15

Cote suggests a 4Cs framework what is that

Answer 15

Competence

Confidence

Connection

Character

Question 16

Define deliberate play

Answer 16

Sport activities designed to maximize enjoyment regulated by flexible rules

Question 17

Define deliberate practice

Answer 17

Activities that require effort generate no immediate rewards and are motivational by the goal of improving performance

Question 18

Define early specialization

Answer 18

Participation in one sport on a year round basis involving high amounts of deliberate practice and low amounts of deliberate play

Question 19

Youth sport social influences

Answer 19

Coaches

Peers and siblings

Parents

Question 20

Define coaching effectiveness

Answer 20

The consistent application of integrated professional interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge to improve athletes competence confidence connection and character in specific coaching contexts

Question 21

Define true competition

Answer 21

Competitive situations that serve the interests of all participants and focus their effort and concentration toward a particular goal

Question 22

Define decompetition

Answer 22

Competitive situations that occur when athletes seek to demonstrate their superiority over opponents

Question 23

Define under involved parents

Answer 23

Parents who show lack of involvement

Question 24

Define moderately involved parents

Answer 24

Parents who show adequate levels of involvement

Question 25

Define over involved parents

Answer 25

Parents who show excessive amounts of involvement

Question 26

Define parental support

Answer 26

Involves parents facilitation of children’s self esteem, competence and achievement: can include emotional informational tangible and companionship support

Question 27

Define emotional support

Answer 27

Comforting gestures during time of stress and anxiety

Question 28

Define informational support

Answer 28

Provision of advice or guidance in problematic situations

Question 29

Define tangible support

Answer 29

Provision of concrete assistance and resources to help cope with events

Question 30

Define companionship

Answer 30

Network of relationships that enable an individual to engage positively in various activities

Question 31

Define parental expectations

Answer 31

Parents sets of beliefs regarding their children’s behaviours

Question 32

Define parental modelling

Answer 32

Parents serving as a behavioural or moral example to their children

Question 33

What are the 8 features of positive development settings for youth

Answer 33

Physical and psychological safety

Appropriate structure

Supportive relationships

Opportunities to belong

Positive social norms

Support for efficacy and mattering

Opportunities for skill building

Integration of family school and community efforts

Question 34

What is the developmental model of sport participation

Answer 34

4 trajectories

That integrates the developing person in its environment with objective processes and outcomes

Question 35

What are the four trajectories of the developmental model of sport participation

Answer 35

Recreational participation through sampling

Elite performance through sampling

Elite performance through early specialization

Other trajectories

Question 36

What are the five best practices for youth sport programs

Answer 36

Adopt an inclusive focus as opposed to an exclusive selection policy

Promote a true competition climate

Allow children and adolescents to take initiative in their learning and development of fundamental motor skills

Provide opportunities for young athletes to have fun and engage playfully in low organization games

Promote psychosocial development through sport