Chapter 10 Flashcards
nervous system
1
Q
nervous system
A
coordinates and controls all bodily activities; nerves, brain, spinal cord and sensory organs
2
Q
central nervous system
A
brain and spinal cord, receives and processes information and regulate all bodily activity
3
Q
peripheral nervous system
A
12 pairs of cranial nerves extending from brain and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves from the spine cord, transmit never signals to and from the central nervous system
4
Q
nerve
A
one or more bundles of neurons that connect brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body
5
Q
tract
A
bundle or group of nerve fibers located within the brain and spinal cord
6
Q
ascending nerve tract
A
carry nerve impulses toward the brain
7
Q
descending nerve tract
A
carry nerve impulses away from the brain
8
Q
ganglion
A
nerve center made up a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system
9
Q
innervation
A
supply of nerves to a specific body part
10
Q
plexus
A
network of intersecting spinal nerves
11
Q
receptors
A
sites in sensory organ that receive external stimulation, send stimulus through sensory neurons to brain for interpretation
12
Q
stimulus
A
anything that excites a nerve and causes an impulse
13
Q
impulse
A
wave of excitation transmitted through nerve fibers and neurons
14
Q
reflex
A
an automatic, involuntary response to some change either inside or outside the body
15
Q
neurons
A
basic cells of nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate
16
Q
brain waves
A
process that creates patterns of neuron electrical activity in the brain
17
Q
dendrites
A
root-like processes that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body
18
Q
axon
A
process that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell
19
Q
terminal end fibers
A
branching fibers at the end of an axon that lead nerve impulse form icon to synapse
20
Q
synapse
A
space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ
21
Q
neurotransmitters
A
chemical substance that make it possible for messages to cross from synapse of the neurons to the target receptor
22
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glial cells
A
provide support and protection for neurons, hold the neurons in place, supply nutrients and oxygen, insulation, destroy and remove dead neurons
23
Q
myelin sheath
A
protective covering made up of glial cells
24
Q
white matter
A
portion of nerve fibers that are myelinated
25
myelinated
having a myelin sheath
26
gray matter
portion of nerve fibers that are unmyelinated
27
meninges
system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord
28
dura mater
thick, tough, outermost membrane of meninges
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dura
hard
30
mater
mother
31
cerebrum
largest and uppermost part of the brain, four lobes, controls highest level of thought, processes sensations and control voluntary muscle movement, judgement, memory and emotion
32
thalamus
below cerebrum, relays sensory stimuli from spinal cord and midbrain to cerebral cortex and sense organs
33
arachnoid membrane
resembles spider web, second layer of meninges
34
arachnoid
having to do with spiders
35
hypothalamus
below thalamus, controls vital bodily functions
36
pia mater
third layer of meninges, nearest to brain and spinal cord, consists of delicate connective tissue that contains a rich supply of blood vessels
37
pia
tender or delicate
38
cerebrospinal fluid
spinal fluid; produced by special capillaries within the four ventricles in the middle region of cerebrum, cool and cushion organs from shock or injury, nourish brain and spinal cord by transporting nutrients and chemical messengers
39
cerebellum
lower back of cranium coordinates muscular activity and balance for smooth and stead movements
40
brainstem
base of brain, connections between brain and spinal cord, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata, control functions necessary form survival and arousal
41
cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum or the brain
42
cerebr
brain
43
cerebral cortex
made of gray matter, outer layer of cerebrum and is made up of elevated folds and deep fissures
44
gyri
elevated folds of gray matter in cerebral cortex
45
sulci
fissures of the cerebral cortex
46
fissure
normally occurring deep groove
47
corpus callosum
connect two cerebral hemispheres
48
left cerebral hemisphere
controls majority of function on right side of body
49
right cerebral hemisphere
control majority of function on left side of body
50
mid brain and pons
provide conduction pathway to and from higher and lower center in the brain, control reflexes for movement of eyes and head from visual stimuli
51
medulla oblongata
lowest part of the brain stem, connected to spinal cord, controls basic survival functions including muscles for respiration, heart rate and blood pressure and reflexes for coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting
52
spinal cord
long, fragile, tube-like structure that begins at end of the brainstem snd continues almost to the bottom of the spinal column, contains all nerves that affect limbs and lower part of the body, surrounded and protected by cerebrospinal fluid and meninges
53
peripheral
pertaining to body parts that are away from the center of the body
54
autonomic nerve fibers
carry instruction to organs and glands from autonomic nervous system
55
sensory nerve fivers
receive external stimuli and transmit the information to the brain where is is interpreted
56
somatic nerve fibers
motor nerve fibers; convert information that controls the body's voluntary muscular movements
57
cranial nerves
12 pairs, originate from under-surface of the brain, two nerves of a pair and identical in function and structure, each nerve services half of the body
58
peripheral spinal nerves
31 pairs, groups together and names based on region of the body they innervate, sometimes join to form a plex to innervate a certain area
59
autonomic nervous system
2 divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) controls involuntary actions of the body ex. functioning of internal organs, each division balances the activity of the other division to maintain homeostasis
60
sympathetic nerves
prepare body from emergencies and stress by increasing respiratory rate, heart rate and blood flow to muscles
61
fight-or-flight response
body's natural reaction to real or imaginary danger
62
parasympathetic nerves
return body to normal, maintain body functions during ordinary circumstances
63
anesthesiologist
physician specializing in administering anesthesia agents before and during surgery
64
estensi/o
feeling
65
anesthetist
medical professional who is not a physician specializing in administering anesthesia
66
neurologist
physician specializing in diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases of the nervous system
67
neurosurgeon
physician specializing in surgery of the nervous system
68
psychiatrist
physician speckling in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems and mental illness, can prescribe medication
69
psych
mind
70
psychologist
has doctoral degree but is not a medical doctor, evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness
71
social worker
trained therapist
72
cephalalgia
headache; pain in the head
73
migraine headache
characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head, may be preceded by warning aura, more common in women
74
warning aura
visual disturbance perceived by patient preceding a migraine
75
cluster headache
intensely painful headache that affects one side and may be associated with tearing of eyes and nasal congestion, usually men
76
encephalocele
craniocele; congenital herniation of Brian tissue through a gap in the skull
77
encephal/o
brain
78
-cele
hernia
79
meningocele
congenital herniation of meninges through a defect in skull or spinal column
80
hydrocephalus
excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in ventricles of the brain
81
meningioma
common, slow-growing and usually benign tumor of the meninges
82
meningitis
infective meningitis; inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
83
chiari malformation
congenital, part of cerebellum extends down into spinal canal
84
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
85
Reye's syndrome
serious and potentially deadly disorder in children characterized by vomiting and confusion, may follow a viral illness and is treated with aspirin
86
tetanus
lockjaw; acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by tetanus bacteria
87
cognition
mental activities associated with thinking, learning and memory mild con
88
mild cognitive impairment
decline from normal function characterized by short-term memory loss
89
dementia
slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking and judgement often accompanied by personality changes
90
senial dementia
dementia of the aged
91
sundowning
group of symptoms leading to state of confusion at the end of the day
92
vascular dementia
form of dementia cause by stroke or other restriction of the flow of blood to the brain
93
neurodegenerative disease
degenerative nerve disease; umbrella term of disorder in which there is progressive loss of structure or function of neurons
94
Alzheimer's disease
group of disorder involving parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language, leading form of dementia, progressive deterioration
95
Huntington's disease
genetic disorder classified as a neurodegenerative disease
96
Parkinson's disease
chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity and slow or shuffling gait
97
tremor
repetitive, involuntary muscles movement usually involving the hands, arms, head or face
98
essentail tremor
shakiness of arms, hands or head, worsens during voluntary movements
99
Lewy body dementia
second most common type of dementia, when abnormal protein interferes with cell function in the brain
100
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Lou Gehrig's disease; rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks nerve cell responsible form controlling voluntary muscles
101
amnesia
emory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences
102
concussion
abiyolent shaking up or jarring of the brain causing a temporary loss of function and awareness
103
concuss
shaken up
104
cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull
105
contus
bruise
106
cranial hematoma
collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain, names for their location
107
traumatic brain injury
blow tot he head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain
108
coup
injury occurring within the skull near the point of impact
109
contrecoup
counterblow; injury that occurs beneath the skull apposite to the area of impact
110
levels of consciousness
measurement of response to arousal and stimuli
111
altered levels of consciousness
decrease in consciousness due to injury, disease or substances
112
conscious
state of being awake, alert, aware and responding appropriately
113
unconscious
state of being unaware and unable to respond to any stimuli
114
lethargy
lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness and apathy
115
apathy
indifference and reduced level of activity
116
stupor
unresponsive state form which a person can be aroused only briefly
117
syncope
fainting; brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain
118
coma
profound state of unconsciousness makes by absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli and lack of speech
119
persistent vegetative state
type of come, alternating sleep and wake syses but person is unconscious even when appearing to be awake
120
delirium
acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation and hallucinations
121
brain tumor
abnormal growth inside the skull
122
glioblastoma
glioblastoma multiforme; type of fast-growing, malignant tumor that forms form glial cells
123
malignant brain tumor
destroys brain tissue
124
benign brain tumor
does not invade brain tissue, can damage tissue as expands and puts pressure against and increase inter cranial pressure
125
inter cranial pressure
amount of pressure inside the skull
126
stroke
cerebrovascular accident; brain damage that occurs when blood flow to brain is disrupted because the blood vessel is blocked or ruptured
127
cincinnati prehospital stroke scale
uses FAST; facial droop, arm drift, speech abnormality, time
128
ischemic stroke
most common type in older people, occurs when blood flow to brain is blocked by narrowing or blockage of an artery
129
transient ischemic stroke
mini-stroke; temporary interruption in blood supply to brain, warning sign
130
transient
passing quickly
131
aphasia
after caused by brain damage associated with stoke, loss of ability to speak, write and/or comprehend written or spoken word
132
hemorrhagic stroke
bleed; occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or aneurysm ruptures
133
arteriovenous malformation
one of the caused of hemorrhagic strokes, abnormal connection between arteries and veins in the brain, usually congenital
134
insomnia
prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep
135
narcolepsy
sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day
136
narc/o
stupor
137
sleep deprivation
sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period causing physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performance or task
138
parasomnia
general term for serial categories of sleep disorder that occur when falling asleep, during sleep or while waking from sleep
139
somnambulism
sleep walking; walking or performing some other activity without awakening
140
ambul
to walk
141
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
142
acute flaccid myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord most commonly occurs in children after a viral infection, causes muscle weakness and decreased reflexes
143
polio
poliomyelitis; highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes lead to paralysis
144
poli/o
gray matter
145
post-polio syndrome
recurrence later in life of some polio symptoms in individuals who have had childhood polio and recovered
146
myelosis
tumor of the spinal cord
147
radiculitis
pinched nerve; inflammation of the root of the spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness radiating down affected limb
148
radicul
root or nerve root
149
cervical radiculopathy
nerve pain caused by pressure of spinal nerve root in neck region
150
lumbar radiculopathy
nerve pain in lower back caused by muscle spasms or nerve root irritation from compressed vertebral disks
151
multiple sclerosis
progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of myelin sheath, pain, physical and cognitive problems
152
demyelination
loss of patches of the protective myelin sheath
153
exacerbations
flares; episodes of worsening symptoms
154
remission
time during which symptoms ease, but disease hasn't been cured
155
ball's palsy
temporary paralysis of 7th cranial nerve that causes paralysis of face, only 1 side, causes inability to close eye, pain , tearing, drooling, hypersensitivity to sound and impaired taste
156
Gillian-Barre syndrome
inflammation of the myeline sheath of peripheral nerves characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness and temporary paralysis
157
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and sometime loss of function
158
sciatica
inflammation of sciatic nerve caused by pressure on nerve roots, causes pain, burning and tingling along course of affected nerve
159
trigeminal neuralgia
chronic pain condition characterized by sever, lightning-like pain due to inflammation of the 5th cranial nerve effect cheek, libs and gums
160
cerebral palsy
group of disorders characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defect and other neurological deficiencies due to damage that affect cerebrum
161
spasticity
certain muscles are continually contracted
162
palsy
weakness of a body part often accompanied by loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements
163
epilepsy
seizure disorder; chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity
164
tonic-clonic seizure
grand mal seizure; involves entire body, tonic phase where body is rigid, clonic phase where body has uncontrollable jerking
165
absence seizure
petit mal seizure; brief disturbances in brain function, loss of awareness called a staring episode
166
focal seizure
partial seizure; involves part of the Brian, involve absence seizure-like symptoms and repetitive muscle movements
167
febrile seizure
tonic-clonic seizure in infants and young children in response to fever, outgrow by 5
168
sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
death of someone with epilepsy usually during or immediately following a seizure
169
causalgia
persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve
170
complex regional pain syndrome
chronic nerve pain affecting one limb usually following an injury, leads to causalgia, change in skin color and temperature and swelling
171
hyperesthesia
condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to tough, pain or other sensory stimuli
172
paresthesia
burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause, usually in hands, arms, legs, or feet
173
peripheral neuropathy
disorder of peripheral nerves that carry information to and from brain and spinal cord, cause pain, loss of sensation and inability to control muscles
174
diabetic neuropathy
peripheral neuropathy caused by poorly controlled diabetes
175
neuropathy
any disease or damage to a nerve
176
mononeuropathy
damage to a singular peripheral nerve
177
polyneuropathy
multiple peripheral nerves are damaged
178
restless lef syndrome
neurological disorder of unknown cause characterized by uncomfortable feeling in left producing strong urge to move them
179
magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography
examination of soft tissue structures of the brain and spinal cord
180
functional MRI
detect changes in blood flow in brain when patient asked to perform a specific task
181
carotid ultrasonography
ultrasonic study of carotid arteries to detect plaque buildup to predict or diagnose ischemic stroke
182
electroencephalography
process of recording electrical activity of brain through use of electrodes attached to scalp
183
myelography
fluoroscopy and CY study of spinal cord after injection of contrary medium through lumbar puncture
184
electromyelography
uses electrodes taped to or inserted into skin to measure transfer of electrical signals in peripheral nerves to muscles, paired with nurser conduction studies
185
nerve conduction studies
measure speed of an electrical signal though a nerve
186
lumbar puncture
spinal tap; process of obtaining sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into to subarachnoid space
187
hypnotic
depresses central nervous system and usually produces sleep
188
anticonvulsant
administered to prevent seizure like those associated with epilepsy
189
barbiturate
class of drugs whose major action is calming or depressed effects on the central nervous system
190
phenobarbital
a barbiturate esed as a sedative and anticonvulsant
191
sedative
depresses central nervous system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without sleep
192
anesthesia
absence of normal sensation, especially to pain
193
anesthetic
medication used to induce anesthesia
194
epidural anesthesia
regional, inject the medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region
195
general anesthesia
total loss of body sensation and consciousness
196
conscious sedation
shat-acting, shallow general anesthesia, still able to breath independently and respond to verbal commands
197
local anesthesia
loss of sensation in a limited area, injected near that area
198
regional anesthesia
temporary interruption of nerve conduction, inject anesthetic solution near the nerves to be blocked
199
spinal anesthesia
spinal block; injected into subarachnoid space, remain conscious
200
topical anesthesia
numbs only tissue surface, liquid, ointment or spray
201
deep brain stimulation
neurosurgical procedure to treat dystonia, tremors and Parkinson's disease, device to stimulate brain with mild electrical signals is implanted and connected to stimulator implanted near the collar bone
202
dystonia
impairment of voluntary muscle movement
203
stereotactic radiosurgery
uses three dimensional coordinated system to accurately find small tumors within the body and deliver radiation directly to them, minimizes damage to surrounding tissues
204
gamma knife surgery
type of radiation treatment for brain tumors, uses gamma radiation to destroy diseased tissue while preserving health tissue around the tumor
205
gamma radiation
high energy, short wavelength, used in nuclear medicine
206
electroconvulsive therapy
electric shock therapy; small amounts of electric current passed through the brain, deliberately triggering brief seizures to revers symptoms of certain mental illnesses
207
lobectomy
surgical removal of a portion of the brain to treat brain cancer or seizure disorder that cannot be controlled with medication
208
thalamotomy
surgical incision into the thalamus, destroys brain cells, serves to quiet tumors
209
transcranial magnetic stimulation
uses brief, powerful electromagnetic pulses to alter electrical pathways in the brain, used to treat severe depression
210
radiofrequency ablation
rhizotomy; minimally invasive procedure that relieves chronic pain by burning part of the nerves, preventing transmission of pain signals
211
neurtomoy
surgical division or dissection of a nerve, relives pain or suppress tremors
212
anxiety disorders
mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situation or fear that is out of proportion to real danger
213
generalized anxiety disorder
chronic, excessive worrying
214
panic attack
unexpected, sudden experience of fear in absence of danger, causes heart palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, and feeling of unreality
215
panic disorder
characterized by a fear of panic attacks
216
post-traumatic stress disorder
develops after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury during which the person felt intense fear, helplessness or horror
217
phobia
persistent, irrational fear of a specific thing or situation, strong enough to cause distress, interfere with functioning and lead to avoidance
218
agoraphobia
excessive fear of environments where a person feels a panic attack might occur
219
claustrophobia
abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces
220
social anxiety disorder
social phobia; excessive fear of situation in which a person fear negative evaluation or embarrassment
221
obsessive and compulsive disorder
characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions
222
hoarding disorder
over accumulation of belongings in a way that interferes with daily living
223
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
short attention span and impulsive behavior inappropriate for developmental age
224
dyslexia
developmental reading disorder; learning disability, substandard reading achievement due to inability of brain to process symbols correctly
225
learning disability
disorders in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
226
intellectual disability
intellectual developmental disorder; significant below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning
227
autism spectrum disorder
difficulty developing normal social relationships and communication skill, follow routines, narrow focus, intense interests
228
Asperger's syndrome
subgroup of autism spectrum, have normal or above-average intelligence but impaired social interactions and nonverbal communication
229
dissociative disorders
occur when normal thought is separated form consciousness
230
dissociative identity disorder
multiple personality disorder; presence of two or more distinct personalities each with its own characteristics exist within one individual
231
impulse control disorder
group of psychiatric disorders characterized by failure to resist an impulse despite potential negative consequences
232
kleptomania
repeatedly stealing objects neither form person use nor monetary value
233
-mania
madness
234
pyromania
repeated, deliberate fire setting
235
oppositional defiant disorder
in children, persistent angry, uncooperative and disruptive behavior directed toward an authority figure, disrupts daily activities
236
bipolar disorder
cycles of sever moods changes shifting between highs and severe lows
237
manic behavior
abnormally elevated mood of euphoria, inappropriate elation, increased irritability, severe insomnia, poor judgement, bad social behavior
238
depression
mood disorder characterized by lethargy and sadness and decreased interest or pleasure in normal activities
239
persistan depressive disorder
dysthymia; low-grade, chronic depression with milder symptoms but present on the majority of days for two or more years
240
double depression
acute episode of major depression in patients with persistent depressive disorder
241
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
frequent, sever temper outburst and chronically irritable
242
seasonal affective disorder
depression in winter caused by lack of sunlight
243
anorexia nervose
false perception of body appearance, fear of gaining wight and inability of maintaining a health body weight, voluntary starvation and excessive exercise leads them to become emaciated
244
bulimia nervosa
frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting, and misuse of laxatives
245
binge eating disorder
frequent episodes of eating large quantities of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control and feeling of guilt after
246
personality disorders
chronic pattern of inner experience and behavior that causes severe problems with relationships and work
247
antisocial personality disorder
disregard for and violation of right of others
248
borderline personality disorder
impulsive action with potential self-have, mood instability and chaotic relationships
249
narcissistic personality disorder
extreme preoccupation with self and complete lack of empathy
250
psychotic disorders
characterized by loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social functioning
251
catatonic behavior
lack of responsiveness, stupid and tendency to remain in a fixed position
252
delusion
false personal belief maintained despite proof or evidence to the contrary
253
hallucination
sensory perception experience in absence of external stimulation
254
schizophrenia
withdrawal from reality, illogical thinking patterns, delusions and hallucinations with emotional, behavioral or intellectual disturbances
255
somatic symptom disorder
characterized by distress and excessive focus on physical complains or symptoms out of proportion to findings or disease
256
illness anxiety disorder
recurring anxiety and excessive worry that a physical illness may be present
257
factitious disease
Munchausen syndrome; individual acts as if they have physical or mental illness when they are not really sick
258
factitious disorder by proxy
mentally ill parent falsifies an illness in child
259
functional neurological disorder
neurological symptoms without a physical cause
260
conversion disorder
serious temporary or ongoing changes in function triggered by psychological factors rather than physical causes
261
malingering
intentional creation of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms
262
substance abuse
addictive use of drugs, impairment of functioning, danger to self or there and legal and/or interpersonal problems
263
delirium tremens
sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping use of alcohol
264
methadone
synthetic opiate used to treat addiction to heroin or prescription narcotics
265
drug abuse
excessive use of illegal or recreational drugs or misuse of prescription drugs
266
recreational drug
personal pleasure or satisfaction rather than medical
267
illicit
illegal
268
gender dysphoria
person's sex at birth does not match the gender with which they currently identify, causes stress
269
transgender
person whose gender identity does not match sex assigned at birth
270
psychotropic drug
acts primarily on the central nervous system, produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions and behavior, control pain, treat narcolepsy, and attention disorders
271
antidepressant
prevent or relieve depression
272
antipsychotic drug
narcoleptic; treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood associated with neurological and psychiatric illness ie. schizophrenia, mania and delusions
273
antiolytic drug
antianxiety drug, tranquilizer; temporarily relieve ancient and reduce tension
274
mood-stabilizing drug
treat mood instability and bipolar
275
stimulant
increases activity uncertain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness, treat ADHD and narcolepsy
276
psychoanalysis
idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood and can be overcome by iSight into feeling and patterns of behavior
277
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy)
treat PTSD, resist traumatic memories while focusing on a bilateral physical stimuli
278
behavioral therapy
changing behavior by identifying problem behaviors and replacing them with appropriate behaviors via rewards and consequences
279
cognitive behavioral therapy
changing thoughts that are affecting emotions and actions
280
dialectical behavior therapy
treat suicidal thoughts, self hard and borderline personality disorder
281
acceptance and commitment therapy
treat anxiety, depression, OCD and psychosis
282
hypotherapy
use of hypnosis to produce altered stae of focused attention in which patient is more willinging to believe and act on suggestions, used for pain relief, anciety reduction and behavior modifications
