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chapter 1 test Flashcards

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1
Q

absolute monarchy

A

a king having complete power over a place

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2
Q

real wages

A

wages that decided what people could buy instead of having a numerical amount

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3
Q

ancien regime

A

how france was governed before the revolution

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4
Q

conscription

A

compulsive enrollement in the army (men had to)

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5
Q

parlements

A

judicial courts (13 at the time in france)

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6
Q

National debt

A

the amount of money a country owes

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7
Q

assembly of notables

A

a group of noble men summoned to deal with emergencies

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8
Q

estates general

A

an assembly that represented the 3 social classes,

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9
Q

what date was the Bastille stormed on

A

july 14th 1789

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10
Q

what were the august decrees

A

they abolished noble privalege, the duties peseants had to do for their land lords, legal process, and provincial estates

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11
Q

feudalism

A

a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return.

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12
Q

when was the womens march

A

october 5 7000

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13
Q

what did the aristocracy consist of

A

unexperienced men who werent devoted to their religion

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14
Q

what areas were the aristocracy privelaged in

A

government and army

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15
Q

what influence did Jacques Necker have on the revolution

A

he claimed he could reform frances finance issues but never did, he was fired after a false report that said france was doing well economically.

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16
Q

what was needed to improve the tax system

A

tax the rich

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17
Q

what did calonne do

A

calonne submitted the reforms to the king and they wer brought to the assembly of notables, he didnt have much support and was fired

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18
Q

what did the meeting of the notables show

A

how big frances financial problems were, the failings of the king, the lack of info being given to the public

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19
Q

what was the first sign of political allience between the middle and lower class against the king?

A

when the king refused to provide an accurate report of royal spendings, people became angry and started protesting

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20
Q

what document was provided to the estates general meeting that stated a list of demands from each french district?

A

cahiers de doleances

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21
Q

on what day did the estates general meet

A

may 5th 1789

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22
Q

what did the third estate change their name to

A

the national assembly

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23
Q

what led to the tennis court oath

A

the third estate was tired of the kings inaction and wanted to take charge so they walked out of the estates general meeting

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24
Q

what was the turning point of the revolution

A

the storming of the bastille

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25
Q

what was the time period when breakdown of law and order occured in the summer of 1789

A

‘great fear’

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26
Q

after the national assembly siezes power what document do they create to reflect what the new government would be based on

A

Thw Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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27
Q

what did the decree of fundamental principals of government influence

A

the principles a governmet should be based on

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28
Q

what was the reasoning for the womens march on versailles

A

bread shortage

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29
Q

what day did the womens march happen

A

october 5th 1789

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30
Q

what resulted from the womens march

A

the royal family is escorted to paris

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31
Q

what document allowed the king to arrest anyone for any reason

A

lettres de Cachet

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32
Q

which revolutionary group wanted the end to the catholic church (responsible for the terror)

A

Jacobins

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33
Q

which revolutionary group supported a constitutional monarchy and opposed the jacobins

A

Feuillants

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34
Q

which revolutionary group were in favor of the war but not as radical as the jacobins

A

Girondins

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35
Q

who was the first estater who supported third estate reforms

A

Abbe Sieyes

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36
Q

what is the name of the time period when thousands of the french were executed and the jacobins were in power

A

The terror

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37
Q

who were emigres

A

those who were fleeing france during this time period

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38
Q

what was the assemblys solution to solving the financial problem

A

the assignat system and a tax on the rich

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39
Q

why was the bastille stormed

A

a rumor spread that the king was planning a military coup against the assembly

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40
Q

what was the great fear

A

the pesant revolt, rumors spread that aristocracy was coming to attack the pesants so the pesants attacked first

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41
Q

what had the night session of August 4th established

A

all french men were subject to the same tax and law

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42
Q

what 3 things did the august decrees establish

A

liberte, equality, and fraternity

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43
Q

what was the red cap known as a symbol of unity

A

fasces

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44
Q

what idea was the declaration of rights of man and of the citizen similar to

A

10 commandments

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45
Q

who was still limited under the decleration of rights of man

A

women, slaves, Jews

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46
Q

what is the name of the time when the royal family couldnt leave the city without escort

A

the October Days

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47
Q

what was the main idea of sir edmund burkes “reflections on the revolutions in france”

A

if your going to reform something, have a good reason

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48
Q

what was the biggest legislative mistake of the assembly

A

the civil constitution of the clergy

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49
Q

Deism

A

what was the belief of a supreme being but the supreme being does not interact with man?

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50
Q

what was the civil constitutuion of the clergy?

A

A document, issued by the National Assembly in July 1790, that broke ties with the Catholic Church and established a national church system in France with a process for the election of regional bishops

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51
Q

What event did Paris Commune killed about 1200 people from the city jails because they were assumed to be counterrevolutionaries

A

september massacre

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52
Q

what was the first revolution within the revolution? (french)

A

the switch from an absolute monarchy to to a constitutional monarchy in which the king had to follow a constitution and work with other governing bodies to create laws for France

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53
Q

Great Fear

A

The panic and insecurity that struck French peasants in the summer of 1789 and led to their widespread destruction of manor houses and archives.

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54
Q

Plebiscite

A

yes/no vote

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55
Q

Jean-Paul Marat

A

the writer who was killed in his bathtub, he was very influencial to france

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56
Q

what happened when Robespierre was in the National Convention and was arrested and executed. It happened in the month Thermidor of the Second Year on the new calendar. He was arrested one day and killed very shortly after for being very forward and having many opinions.

A

Thermidorian Reaction

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57
Q

what was a list of terms and agreements that Napoleon and representatives from Rome and Paris agreed on. defined the place of the Catholic Church in France and helped put into effect some of the ideas from the French Revolution.

A

Concordat of 1801

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58
Q

what was France’s system of government from 1795-1799.

A

the directory

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59
Q

what were the 2 councils of the directory

A

council of 500=initiates legislation

council of elders(250

60
Q

what were the causes of instability in france

A

war, economy, religion, counter-revolutionaries, political descions

61
Q

who were the sans-culottes

A

the parisian working class who shared similar ideas about government

62
Q

what was the second revolution within the revolution

A

the constitutional monarchy transformation into frances 1st republic

63
Q

what are the biggest parts of the french republic

A

robespierre rises, commitee of public safety, directory, consulate

64
Q

what led to the storming of the tuilieres

A

publification of the brunswick manifesto

65
Q

what abolished the monarchy entirely and replaces the national assembly

A

the national convention

66
Q

what did the degree of fraternity offer

A

french assistance to anyone who wanted to overthrow their governmet

67
Q

which group of the national convention were the radical jacobins who had support from sans-culottes

A

montagnards

68
Q

which group of the national convention supported the king

A

girondists

69
Q

which comittee would speed up the work of the government and served as the executive branch

A

comittee of public saftey

70
Q

which committee acted as a survalience on its own people

A

watch comittee

71
Q

what was created as a result of the first revolution?

A

constitution of 1791

72
Q

what was the new legislative branch to the first republic?

A

the national convention

73
Q

what led to the death of the king

A

the discovery of the documents that proved luis didn’t support the revolution

74
Q

when did marie antoinette die

A

october 1793

75
Q

what was Robespierre’s nickname and what did he want?

A

“the incorruptible”

he wanted a republic of virtue(scare people into virtue)

76
Q

who was a supporter of Robespierre who had an entirely diff. personality but shared the same beliefs?

A

Jacques Danton

77
Q

what did the Levee en masse make up?

A

a french army based on merit, not birth

78
Q

what law limited prices of grain and made sure food prices were strict?

A

Law of general maximum

79
Q

which law made it so that anyone who wasn’t enthusiastic about the republic could be arrested?

A

Law of suspects

80
Q

what is the name for the time period when the revolutionary tribunal executed thousands?

A

The reign of terror

81
Q

which social class was executed the most over this time?

A

3rd estate

82
Q

what was the name of the revolt when peasants over ran machecoul?

A

vender revolt

83
Q

what were the reasons for the vender revolt?

A

the amount of troops needed for the war was too large, peseants were still being taxed, the inaction on the CCC, and PEASANTS DIDNT BENEFIT FROM THE SALE OF CHURCH LANDS

84
Q

what was the name for the legal from of napolean

A

the code napoleon

85
Q

what was the name of the man who siezed power with napolean and supported churchreforms (aristocrat)

A

Talleyrand

86
Q

what was the name of the man who siezed power with napolean and was strong in police connections? (jacobin

A

Fouche

87
Q

who was one of the directors who had a military backaround and opposed jacobin rule?

A

Carnot

88
Q

where did napolean make a name for himself in battle

A

northern italy

89
Q

what was the name of the man who translated the Rosetta stone

A

champollion

90
Q

who dealt with the branch of De-Christianization

A

Jacques Herbert

91
Q

what was the goal of the new Republican Calander

A

to eliminate any opprutunites for religious practice

92
Q

What was the Notre Dame renamed?

A

Temple of Reason

93
Q

What was the name of Robespierres new holiday?

A

The Festival Of Supreme Being

94
Q

what did the paris commune support?

A

the destruction of religious statues, and the encouragement of the clergy to give up their vocations

95
Q

what did the law of 22 prairal establish?

A

Trials would be decided between freedom or death, this led to lots being killed

96
Q

what was required to end the terror?

A

the death of Robespierre

97
Q

what is the term that means “hands off or “let it be” in terms of government interfering with economic issues

A

laissez-faire

98
Q

when was a new constitution written after robbespierres death?

A

August 1795

99
Q

what was the white terror?

A

people getting back on the jacobins for the troubles they put them through

100
Q

how many men made up the new oligarchy of the directory?

A

5 men

101
Q

what did the council of 500 do?

A

initiate legislation

102
Q

who made up the council of elders and what did they do?

A

250 members, married/widowed, over the age of 40. They would accept or reject legislation.

103
Q

what constitution revolved around the directory?

A

constitution of 1795

104
Q

what document was created from the 1st rev.?

A

constitution of 1791

105
Q

what document was created from the 2nd revolution?

A

constitution of 1793

106
Q

what describes the 4th revolution?

A

king louid xviii leading the constitutional Monarchy

107
Q

what describes the 3rd revolution

A

the first empire (1804) (the Napolean era)

108
Q

how many men made up the consulate

A

3

109
Q

what describes the second revolution?

A

Frances first republic, (the rise of robespierre then the directory and consulate)

110
Q

what is the term for an illegal overthrow of government?

A

coup d’etat

111
Q

the first communist revolt was led by who?

A

Babeuf, he opposed the idea of private property

112
Q

When did the Royal Family try to flee? (flight to varennes) the king was brought back and forced to sign the constitution

A

June 1791

113
Q

what is the name of the treaty napoleon wrote after defeating Austria?

A

treaty of Campo-Formio (1798)

114
Q

when did napoleon make himself consul for life?

A

1802

115
Q

what is the term for the stands soldiers would have to carry through battle

A

eagle standards

116
Q

what body did napoleon create to replace the assignats system hand coin money?

A

Banque de France

117
Q

what did the concordat of 1801 declare

A

catholicism was the MAJORITY religion of france but NOT the official

118
Q

pope pius vi

A

the pope who was kidnapped by napoleon

119
Q

what is the name of napoleons education reform

A

Lycee system of education

120
Q

what is the name of the palace that honors those who served in france?

A

legion of honor 1802

121
Q

what was napoleons greatest accomplishment

A

code napoleon

122
Q

what is the name of the man who led the haitian revolution

A

L’Ouverture

123
Q

what was the purpose of code napoleon?

A

to reform french legal code to reflect the french revolution

124
Q

in what year did Napoleon declare himself emperor creating Frances first empire

A

1804

125
Q

what is the term for the classical era

A

the empire style

126
Q

what was the name of Napoleon‘s first wife

A

the empress josephine

127
Q

what is the name of the naval battle that Napoleon was challenged with

A

Trafalgar

128
Q

what four countries were against France

A

prussia
england
austria
russia

129
Q

what was the goal of napoleons continental system

A

to isolate Britain

130
Q

what did the Berlin decrees state

A

British ships were not allowed in European ports

131
Q

what was the name of Napoleon second wife

A

marie Louise (of Austria)

132
Q

when was the consulate formed

A

1799

133
Q

what is the name of the event when Napoleon had troops and Madrid that fired upon the crowd

A

the spanish ulcer

134
Q

what happened during the big blunder

A

Napoleon invaded Russia unprepared for the extreme weather conditions and his military was stripped of food

135
Q

what is the name of the term that means “a pardon for breaking any laws in the past”

A

amnesty

136
Q

What did Nap. declare himself in 1804?

A

emperor

137
Q

who was napoleons biggest challenge

A

louis xviii

138
Q

what was the original name of the german states?

A

the holy roman empire

139
Q

what was the document that gave napoleon control over the german states

A

confederation of the rhine

140
Q

how many german states were there

A

39

141
Q

what 2 places was napoleons defeated at

A

borodino and leipzig

142
Q

which treaty sent napoleon away to elba

A

treaty of fontainebleau

143
Q

what happens at the war of the 7th coalition

A

nap. escapes elba and comes back to france for his “hundred days”

144
Q

where was napoleons final defeat

A

waterloo

145
Q

where did nap reside for the rest of his life

A

st. helena

146
Q

what are the 2 ideas that came from napoleon that tie to the cause of ww1

A

militarism and nationalism

147
Q

what is napoleons legacy

A

nationalism

history (18 decks)

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