chapter 1 test Flashcards
absolute monarchy
a king having complete power over a place
real wages
wages that decided what people could buy instead of having a numerical amount
ancien regime
how france was governed before the revolution
conscription
compulsive enrollement in the army (men had to)
parlements
judicial courts (13 at the time in france)
National debt
the amount of money a country owes
assembly of notables
a group of noble men summoned to deal with emergencies
estates general
an assembly that represented the 3 social classes,
what date was the Bastille stormed on
july 14th 1789
what were the august decrees
they abolished noble privalege, the duties peseants had to do for their land lords, legal process, and provincial estates
feudalism
a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return.
when was the womens march
october 5 7000
what did the aristocracy consist of
unexperienced men who werent devoted to their religion
what areas were the aristocracy privelaged in
government and army
what influence did Jacques Necker have on the revolution
he claimed he could reform frances finance issues but never did, he was fired after a false report that said france was doing well economically.
what was needed to improve the tax system
tax the rich
what did calonne do
calonne submitted the reforms to the king and they wer brought to the assembly of notables, he didnt have much support and was fired
what did the meeting of the notables show
how big frances financial problems were, the failings of the king, the lack of info being given to the public
what was the first sign of political allience between the middle and lower class against the king?
when the king refused to provide an accurate report of royal spendings, people became angry and started protesting
what document was provided to the estates general meeting that stated a list of demands from each french district?
cahiers de doleances
on what day did the estates general meet
may 5th 1789
what did the third estate change their name to
the national assembly
what led to the tennis court oath
the third estate was tired of the kings inaction and wanted to take charge so they walked out of the estates general meeting
what was the turning point of the revolution
the storming of the bastille
what was the time period when breakdown of law and order occured in the summer of 1789
‘great fear’
after the national assembly siezes power what document do they create to reflect what the new government would be based on
Thw Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
what did the decree of fundamental principals of government influence
the principles a governmet should be based on
what was the reasoning for the womens march on versailles
bread shortage
what day did the womens march happen
october 5th 1789
what resulted from the womens march
the royal family is escorted to paris
what document allowed the king to arrest anyone for any reason
lettres de Cachet
which revolutionary group wanted the end to the catholic church (responsible for the terror)
Jacobins
which revolutionary group supported a constitutional monarchy and opposed the jacobins
Feuillants
which revolutionary group were in favor of the war but not as radical as the jacobins
Girondins
who was the first estater who supported third estate reforms
Abbe Sieyes
what is the name of the time period when thousands of the french were executed and the jacobins were in power
The terror
who were emigres
those who were fleeing france during this time period
what was the assemblys solution to solving the financial problem
the assignat system and a tax on the rich
why was the bastille stormed
a rumor spread that the king was planning a military coup against the assembly
what was the great fear
the pesant revolt, rumors spread that aristocracy was coming to attack the pesants so the pesants attacked first
what had the night session of August 4th established
all french men were subject to the same tax and law
what 3 things did the august decrees establish
liberte, equality, and fraternity
what was the red cap known as a symbol of unity
fasces
what idea was the declaration of rights of man and of the citizen similar to
10 commandments
who was still limited under the decleration of rights of man
women, slaves, Jews
what is the name of the time when the royal family couldnt leave the city without escort
the October Days
what was the main idea of sir edmund burkes “reflections on the revolutions in france”
if your going to reform something, have a good reason
what was the biggest legislative mistake of the assembly
the civil constitution of the clergy
Deism
what was the belief of a supreme being but the supreme being does not interact with man?
what was the civil constitutuion of the clergy?
A document, issued by the National Assembly in July 1790, that broke ties with the Catholic Church and established a national church system in France with a process for the election of regional bishops
What event did Paris Commune killed about 1200 people from the city jails because they were assumed to be counterrevolutionaries
september massacre
what was the first revolution within the revolution? (french)
the switch from an absolute monarchy to to a constitutional monarchy in which the king had to follow a constitution and work with other governing bodies to create laws for France
Great Fear
The panic and insecurity that struck French peasants in the summer of 1789 and led to their widespread destruction of manor houses and archives.
Plebiscite
yes/no vote
Jean-Paul Marat
the writer who was killed in his bathtub, he was very influencial to france
what happened when Robespierre was in the National Convention and was arrested and executed. It happened in the month Thermidor of the Second Year on the new calendar. He was arrested one day and killed very shortly after for being very forward and having many opinions.
Thermidorian Reaction
what was a list of terms and agreements that Napoleon and representatives from Rome and Paris agreed on. defined the place of the Catholic Church in France and helped put into effect some of the ideas from the French Revolution.
Concordat of 1801
what was France’s system of government from 1795-1799.
the directory
what were the 2 councils of the directory
council of 500=initiates legislation
council of elders(250
what were the causes of instability in france
war, economy, religion, counter-revolutionaries, political descions
who were the sans-culottes
the parisian working class who shared similar ideas about government
what was the second revolution within the revolution
the constitutional monarchy transformation into frances 1st republic
what are the biggest parts of the french republic
robespierre rises, commitee of public safety, directory, consulate
what led to the storming of the tuilieres
publification of the brunswick manifesto
what abolished the monarchy entirely and replaces the national assembly
the national convention
what did the degree of fraternity offer
french assistance to anyone who wanted to overthrow their governmet
which group of the national convention were the radical jacobins who had support from sans-culottes
montagnards
which group of the national convention supported the king
girondists
which comittee would speed up the work of the government and served as the executive branch
comittee of public saftey
which committee acted as a survalience on its own people
watch comittee
what was created as a result of the first revolution?
constitution of 1791
what was the new legislative branch to the first republic?
the national convention
what led to the death of the king
the discovery of the documents that proved luis didn’t support the revolution
when did marie antoinette die
october 1793
what was Robespierre’s nickname and what did he want?
“the incorruptible”
he wanted a republic of virtue(scare people into virtue)
who was a supporter of Robespierre who had an entirely diff. personality but shared the same beliefs?
Jacques Danton
what did the Levee en masse make up?
a french army based on merit, not birth
what law limited prices of grain and made sure food prices were strict?
Law of general maximum
which law made it so that anyone who wasn’t enthusiastic about the republic could be arrested?
Law of suspects
what is the name for the time period when the revolutionary tribunal executed thousands?
The reign of terror
which social class was executed the most over this time?
3rd estate
what was the name of the revolt when peasants over ran machecoul?
vender revolt
what were the reasons for the vender revolt?
the amount of troops needed for the war was too large, peseants were still being taxed, the inaction on the CCC, and PEASANTS DIDNT BENEFIT FROM THE SALE OF CHURCH LANDS
what was the name for the legal from of napolean
the code napoleon
what was the name of the man who siezed power with napolean and supported churchreforms (aristocrat)
Talleyrand
what was the name of the man who siezed power with napolean and was strong in police connections? (jacobin
Fouche
who was one of the directors who had a military backaround and opposed jacobin rule?
Carnot
where did napolean make a name for himself in battle
northern italy
what was the name of the man who translated the Rosetta stone
champollion
who dealt with the branch of De-Christianization
Jacques Herbert
what was the goal of the new Republican Calander
to eliminate any opprutunites for religious practice
What was the Notre Dame renamed?
Temple of Reason
What was the name of Robespierres new holiday?
The Festival Of Supreme Being
what did the paris commune support?
the destruction of religious statues, and the encouragement of the clergy to give up their vocations
what did the law of 22 prairal establish?
Trials would be decided between freedom or death, this led to lots being killed
what was required to end the terror?
the death of Robespierre
what is the term that means “hands off or “let it be” in terms of government interfering with economic issues
laissez-faire
when was a new constitution written after robbespierres death?
August 1795
what was the white terror?
people getting back on the jacobins for the troubles they put them through
how many men made up the new oligarchy of the directory?
5 men
what did the council of 500 do?
initiate legislation
who made up the council of elders and what did they do?
250 members, married/widowed, over the age of 40. They would accept or reject legislation.
what constitution revolved around the directory?
constitution of 1795
what document was created from the 1st rev.?
constitution of 1791
what document was created from the 2nd revolution?
constitution of 1793
what describes the 4th revolution?
king louid xviii leading the constitutional Monarchy
what describes the 3rd revolution
the first empire (1804) (the Napolean era)
how many men made up the consulate
3
what describes the second revolution?
Frances first republic, (the rise of robespierre then the directory and consulate)
what is the term for an illegal overthrow of government?
coup d’etat
the first communist revolt was led by who?
Babeuf, he opposed the idea of private property
When did the Royal Family try to flee? (flight to varennes) the king was brought back and forced to sign the constitution
June 1791
what is the name of the treaty napoleon wrote after defeating Austria?
treaty of Campo-Formio (1798)
when did napoleon make himself consul for life?
1802
what is the term for the stands soldiers would have to carry through battle
eagle standards
what body did napoleon create to replace the assignats system hand coin money?
Banque de France
what did the concordat of 1801 declare
catholicism was the MAJORITY religion of france but NOT the official
pope pius vi
the pope who was kidnapped by napoleon
what is the name of napoleons education reform
Lycee system of education
what is the name of the palace that honors those who served in france?
legion of honor 1802
what was napoleons greatest accomplishment
code napoleon
what is the name of the man who led the haitian revolution
L’Ouverture
what was the purpose of code napoleon?
to reform french legal code to reflect the french revolution
in what year did Napoleon declare himself emperor creating Frances first empire
1804
what is the term for the classical era
the empire style
what was the name of Napoleon‘s first wife
the empress josephine
what is the name of the naval battle that Napoleon was challenged with
Trafalgar
what four countries were against France
prussia
england
austria
russia
what was the goal of napoleons continental system
to isolate Britain
what did the Berlin decrees state
British ships were not allowed in European ports
what was the name of Napoleon second wife
marie Louise (of Austria)
when was the consulate formed
1799
what is the name of the event when Napoleon had troops and Madrid that fired upon the crowd
the spanish ulcer
what happened during the big blunder
Napoleon invaded Russia unprepared for the extreme weather conditions and his military was stripped of food
what is the name of the term that means “a pardon for breaking any laws in the past”
amnesty
What did Nap. declare himself in 1804?
emperor
who was napoleons biggest challenge
louis xviii
what was the original name of the german states?
the holy roman empire
what was the document that gave napoleon control over the german states
confederation of the rhine
how many german states were there
39
what 2 places was napoleons defeated at
borodino and leipzig
which treaty sent napoleon away to elba
treaty of fontainebleau
what happens at the war of the 7th coalition
nap. escapes elba and comes back to france for his “hundred days”
where was napoleons final defeat
waterloo
where did nap reside for the rest of his life
st. helena
what are the 2 ideas that came from napoleon that tie to the cause of ww1
militarism and nationalism
what is napoleons legacy
nationalism
