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CSCS > Chapter 1- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BODY SYSYTEMS > Flashcards

Chapter 1- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BODY SYSYTEMS Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following substances regulates muscle actions?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Troponin
D. Tropomyosin
A

B. Calcium

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2
Q 
Which of the following substances acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a motor unit?
A. Acetylcholine
B. ATP
C. Creative phosphate
D. Serotonin
A

A. Acetylcholine

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3
Q 
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just before throwing the ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively increasing muscle activity?
A. Golgi tendon organ
B.Muscle Spindle
C. Extramural muscle
D. Pacing an Corpuscle
A

B. Muscle spindle

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4
Q 
From which of the following is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated?
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. The brain
D. the sympathetic nervous system
A

B. SA node

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5
Q 
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG?
I. Depolarization of the atrium
II. Repolarization of the atrium
III. Repolarization of the ventricle 
IV. Depolarization of the ventricle
A

II. Repolarization of the atrium

IV. Depolarization of the ventricle

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6
Q

Skeletal muscles are under the control of the _________, which activates the skeletal muscle cells or fibers thought the motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system.

A

Cerebral cortex

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7
Q

The musculoskeletal system of the human body consist of bones, joints, muscles, and ____ configured to allow the great variety of movements characteristics of human activity.

A

Tendons

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8
Q

Muscle can only….
A. Push, not pull
B. Pull, not push

A

B. Pull not push

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9
Q 
There are approximately \_\_\_\_\_ bones in the body.
A. 180
B. 205
C.216
D.206
A

D. 206

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10
Q

The ____ skeleton consist of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
A. Axial
B. Appendicular

A

A.Axial

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11
Q

The ___skeleton includes the shoulder girdle, bones of the arms, worst, and hands, the pelvic girdle,and the bones of the legs,ankles, and feet
A. Axial
B. Appendicular

A

B.appendicular

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12
Q

Junctions of bones are called ____

A

joints

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13
Q

_____ joints allow virtually NO movement. (Sutures of the skull)
A. Synovial joints
B. Fibrous joints
C. Cartilaginous joints

A

B. Fibrous joints

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14
Q

____ joints allow limited movement. (Intervertebral disk)
A. Synovial joints
B. Fibrous joints
C. Cartilaginous joints

A

C. Cartilaginous joints

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15
Q

___ joints allow considerable movement. (Elbow and knee)
A. fibrous joints
B. Synovial joints
C. Cartilaginous joints

A

B. Synovial joints

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16
Q

___ joints, such as elbows, operate as hinges, essentially rotating about only ONE axis.
A. Biaxial joints
B. Uniaxial joints
C. Multiaxial joints

A

B. Uniaxial joints

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17
Q

The vertebrae are grouped into ___ cervical vertebrae in the next region.

A

7

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18
Q

There are ___ thoracic vertebrae in the middle to upper back.

A

12

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19
Q

There are ___ lumbar vertebrae which make up the lower back.

A

5

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20
Q

There are __ sacral vertebrae that are fused together that make up the pelvis.

A

5

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21
Q

There are ___ coccygeal vertebrae

A

3-5

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22
Q

Each skeletal muscle is an ___ that contains muscle tissues, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessel.

A

Organ

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23
Q

Fibrous connective tissue, or epimysium, covers the body’s more than ___ skeletal muscles.
A. 206
B. 430
C. 445

A

B. 430

24
Q

Limb muscles have two attachments to bone: _____(closer to the trunk)
A.Proximal
B. Distal

A

A.Proximal

25
Q

(Farther from the trunk)

A

Distal

26
Q

The two attachments of the trunk muscles are termed ____ (closer to the head) and _____(closer to the feet).
A. Inferior & Superior
B. Superior & Inferior

A

B. Superior & Inferior

27
Q

Muscle cells are also called?

A

Muscle fibers

28
Q

Under the epimysium the muscle fibers are grouped in bundles called_______, that may consist of up to 150 fibers.

A

Fasciculi

29
Q

_____surrounds the bundles of muscle fibers.
A. Epimysium
B. Endomysium
C. Perimysium

A

C.Perimysium

30
Q

Each muscle fiber is surrounded by connective tissue called?

A

Endomysium

31
Q

The junction between a motor neuron (Nerve cell) and the muscle fiber it inner ages is called the motor end plate, or ________ ________

A

Neuromuscular junction

32
Q

The ___ is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

33
Q

There are typically several hundred muscle fibers in a single motor unit
A.true
B.false

A

TRUE

34
Q

Myofibrils contain the apparatus that contracts the muscle cell, which consist of two types of myofilament:

A

Actin & myosin

35
Q

Thick filaments

A

Myosin

36
Q

Thin filaments

A

Actin

37
Q

The regulation of ____ controls muscular contraction

A

Calcium

38
Q

AN electrical nerve impulse is called an?

A

Action potential

39
Q

The discharge of an _____ ____ from a motor nerve signals that release of calcium from the sarcoplasm reticulum into the myofibril, causing tension development in muscle.

A

Action potential

40
Q

RESTING PHASE:
Under normal resting conditions little ____ is present in the myofibril (most of it stored in the sarcoplasm) so very few of the myosin cross ridges are bound to actin.

A

Calcium

41
Q

During the citation- contraction coupling phase calcium binds with_____ which is a protein that is situated at regular intervals along the actin filament.

A

Troponin

42
Q

Muscles that must function with great precision, such a the eye, may he motor units with as few as ____ muscle fiber per motor neuron.

A

ONE

43
Q

The quads muscle group which moves the legs which is less precise may have_____ fibers served by one motor unit.

A

Several hundred

44
Q

The brief contraction that results is referred to as a _______

A

Twitch

45
Q

A motor unit that develops force and also relaxes rapidly and thus has short twitch time?
A. Fast twitch motor unit
B. Slow twitch motor unit

A

A. Fast twitch motor unit

46
Q

A motor unit that develops force and relax slowly and have long twitch time?
A. Fast twitch motor unit
B. Slow twitch motor unit

A

A. Slow twitch motor unit

47
Q

Specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscles, and tendons?

A

Proprioceptors

48
Q

_____ are proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue.

A

Muscle Spindles

49
Q

The primary role of the _____ system are to transport nutrients and remove waste and by-products while assisting with maintaining the environment for all the body’s functions.

A

Cardiovascular system

50
Q

The ____ side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs.
A. Right
B. Left

A

A. Right

51
Q

The ___ Side of the heart pumps blood through the rest of the body.
A.Right
B.Left

A

B. left

52
Q

Each pump has two chambers..?

A
  1. Atrium

2. Ventricle

53
Q

The resting HR normally ranges from 60-100 BPM fewer than 60 BPM is called?
A. Tachycardia
B.Bradycardia

A

B. Bradycardia

54
Q

More than 100 BPM?
A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia

A

A.tachycardia

55
Q

The primary function of the ___ system is the basic exchange of o2 and Carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory

CSCS (24 decks)

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