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CBIO 2210 > Chapter 1- Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

the autonomic nervous system is located in the

A

visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

visceral

A

internal body

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3
Q

somatic

A

external body

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4
Q

sympathetic nervous system helps

A

prepare for action

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5
Q

parasympathetic nervous system helps

A

with calming

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6
Q

autonomic NS innervates

A

glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

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7
Q

automatic NS control is

A

involuntary

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8
Q

the result of loss of ANS innervation

A

structures still function, denervation hypersensitivity

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9
Q

denervation hypersensitivity

A

smooth and cardiac muscle becomes hyperactive

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10
Q

somatic NS innervates

A

skeletal muscle

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11
Q

somatic NS control is

A

voluntary

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12
Q

result of loss of SNS innervation

A

muscle can’t function, atrophy

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13
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic visceral motor function has what affects

A

opposite effects on innervated structure

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14
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic HR function

A

increase, decrease

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15
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic respiratory function

A

bronchodilation (increase), bronchoconstriction (decrease)

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16
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic direct blood flow to

A

skeletal muscle, digestive and urinary system

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17
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic salivary and lacrimal gland function

A

decrease secretion, increase secretion

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18
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic sweat gland function

A

increase secretion, decrease secretion

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19
Q

somatic motor fibers begin

A

in the spinal cord or brainstem

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20
Q

somatic motor fibers are many/one throughout the body

A

single axon from origin to target organ

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21
Q

autonomic motor pathway

A

nerve signal, preganglionic neuron, postganglionic neuron

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22
Q

nerve signals in the autonomic motor pathway travel across one/two/many neurons to reach target

A

one

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23
Q

preganglionic neuron

A

neuron in amp that is located in the brain/spinal cord

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24
Q

postganglionic neuron

A

neuron in amp that is innervates the target organ

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25
Q

how many ANS neurons synapse at the autonomic ganglion

A

two

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26
Q

ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies in the PNS

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27
Q

sympathetic ganglion are close/far from the target organ

A

far

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28
Q

parasympathetic ganglion are close/far from the target organ

A

close/on the target cell

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29
Q

the sympathetic division is also called the

A

thoracolumbar division

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30
Q

preganglionic cell bodies in the SNS are found in what part of the vertebrae

A

lateral horn

31
Q

preganglionic cell bodies in the SNS are found in what sections of the spinal cord

A

thoracic and lumbar

32
Q

sympathetic ganglia are found in the

A

sympathetic chains of ganglia

33
Q

other names for the sympathetic chains of ganglia

A

sympathetic chains, sympathetic chain ganglia, sympathetic trunks

34
Q

sympathetic chains of ganglia are

A

nervous tissue structures on either side of the spinal cord containing ganglia and preganglionic axons

35
Q

sympathetic ganglia outside of the sympathetic chain are called

A

collateral ganglia

36
Q

preganglionic axons of the SNS are long/short, postganglionic fibers are long/short

A

short, long

37
Q

adrenal glands location

A

superior to the kidney

38
Q

layers of the adrenal gland from outer to inner

A

adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

39
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer layer that secretes steroids

40
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner layer that secretes catecholamines

41
Q

catecholamines

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

42
Q

the adrenal medulla is innervated by

A

preganglionic sympathetic fibers

43
Q

the preganglionic sympathetic fibers in the adrenal medulla are made of

A

modified postganglionic neurons with no axons

44
Q

the neurosomas of the adrenal glands secrete

A

hormones directly into the bloodstream

45
Q

importance of adrenal gland hormone secretion

A

same effect as SNS
increases the number of cells affected by SNS
increases length of SNS activity

46
Q

The parasympathetic division is also called the

A

craniosacral division

47
Q

cell bodies of the Parasympathetic division are located in

A

the brainstem and sacral spinal cord

48
Q

the PSNS travel through

A

Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX, V
sacral spinal nerves

49
Q

most important cranial nerve of the PSNS

A

vagus (X)

50
Q

preganglionic fibers of the PSNS are long/short, postganglionic fibers of the PSNS are long/short

A

long, short

51
Q

terminal ganglia of the PSNS are found

A

in/near the target organ

52
Q

autonomic effects of PSNS and SNS are different because

A

use different neurotransmitters
neurotransmitter can have different effect on a different receptor
some target cells are only innervated by the PSNS or SNS

53
Q

neurotransmitters in preganglionic fibers

A

acetylcholine

54
Q

neurotransmitters in postganglionic fibers

A

SNS: norepinephrine or ACh
PSNS: ACh

55
Q

cholinergic Recptors bind to

A

ACh

56
Q

nicotinic receptors are found on all

A

postganglionic neurons

57
Q

nicotinic receptors are found on what specific target organ

A

adrenal medulla

58
Q

nicotinic receptors are excitatory/inhibitory

A

excitatory

59
Q

muscarinic receptors are found on

A

target cells

60
Q

muscarinic receptors are excitatory/inhibitory

A

both

61
Q

adrenergic receptors bind to

A

norepinephrine

62
Q

adrenergic receptors are found

A

on all target cells

63
Q

alpha adrenergic receptors are excitatory/inhibitory

A

excitatory

64
Q

beta adrenergic receptors are excitatory/inhibitory

A

inhibitory

65
Q

dual innervation

A

innervated by both PSNS and SNS fibers

66
Q

what target organs are not dually innervated? only the SNS

A

blood vessels, sweat glands, adrenal medulla

67
Q

autonomic tone

A

baseline level of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of effectors

68
Q

sympathetic stimulation of target cells is adjusted by

A

increasing/decreasing rate of APs fired

69
Q

example of adjusting sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels

A

more APs = more constriction of vessels
Less APs = less constriction of vessels

70
Q

enteric nervous system

A

NS of the digestive tract

71
Q

Enteric NS is independent/dependent of other NS

A

independent, not connected

72
Q

smooth muscle and glands in the digestive tract are innervated by

A

the enteric NS and the autonomic NS

73
Q

normal function of the digestive tract requires/does not require ENS and ANS innervations

A

does not require

CBIO 2210 (9 decks)

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