Chapter 1 • Interviewing vs. Counseling vs. Psychotherapy

Question 1

Intentional interviewing is a critical skill for which of the following professions?

a. Counselors and psychologists
b. Psychotherapists
c. Detectives and reporters
d. All of these professions

Answer 1

D. All of these professions

Question 2

________ can generate alternatives in a given situation and approach a problem from different perspectives, using a variety of skills and personal qualities, and adapting to suit different client needs.

a. Culturally intentional individuals
b. Cultural individuals
c. Individual psychotherapists
d. Every interviewer

Answer 2

a. Culturally intentional individuals

Question 3

Partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential is most accurately referred to as __________.

a. counseling
b. coaching
c. therapy
d. interviewing

Answer 3

b. Coaching

Question 4

Effective use of microskills enables you to _________ how clients will respond to your interventions.

a. prevent or process	
b. anticipate	
c. analyze or interpret
d. manipulate

Answer 4

b. anticipate

Question 5

The foundation for effective interviewing and skill integration is the ability to listen to and understand the client. Which of the following skills is NOT one of the basic listening skills?

a. client observation skills	
b. focusing	
c. reflection of feeling	
d. questioning

Answer 5

b. focusing

Question 6

Which of the following sequences outlines the basic strength-based framework for human change?

a. Interview–goals–analyze–integrate–act	
b. Empathic relationship–story and strengths–goals–restory–action	
c. Story–restory–relationship–strengths–wellness	
d. Interview–objectives–client strengths–planning–action

Answer 6

b. Empathic relationship–story and strengths–goals–restory–action

Question 7

Counseling and psychotherapy that are concerned not with which single response is correct, but with awareness that different people from varying backgrounds respond uniquely is most accurately referred to as __________ counseling.

a. individualized	
b. finely-targeted	
c. culturally intentional	
d. humanistic

Answer 7

c. culturally intentional

Question 8

Distinguish which of the following accurately summarizes the steps for practical competence and mastery of the microskills.

a. Read about the skill; define its key features; observe skill in role-play; practice the skill; record results; discuss the results with the client.
b. Focus on a single skill or strategy; read about its effective use; view it in action; review different applications of the skills; practice in role-play; develop a summary.
c. Plan for learning; observe the skill; define skill purpose; observe skill in role-play; practice and plan for the use of the skill; use the skill with a client.
d. Observe skill in action; plan for learning; learn the skill; practice in role-play; take action; evaluate your outcomes.

Answer 8

b. Focus on a single skill or strategy; read about its effective use; view it in action; review different applications of the skills; practice in role-play; develop a summary.

Question 9

To meet the needs of a continuing variety of clients, couple your natural style with

a. awareness and knowledge of multicultural differences.	
b. ability to flex your skill choice as you encounter diversity among clients.	
c. neither of these behaviors.	
d. both of these behaviors.

Answer 9

d. both of these behaviors.

Question 10

Once you have mastered the microskills, you will

a. choose one theoretical perspective from which to build your practice.
b. vary the pattern of microskill usage, to practice from a variety of theoretical perspectives.
c. use microskills in the exact prescribed sequence.
d. do none of these things.

Answer 10

b. vary the pattern of microskill usage, to practice from a variety of theoretical perspectives

Question 11

Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett describe four levels of competence for interviewers and counselors. They are:

a. Level 1: Basic competence; Level 2: Documentation competence; Level 3: Skill competence; and Level 4: Instructional competence.
b. Level 1: Introductory competence; Level 2: Classification competence; Level 3: Active competence; and Level 4: Instructive competence.
c. Level 1: Identification and classification; Level 2: Basic competence; Level 3: Intentional competence; and Level 4: Psychoeducational teaching competence.
d. Level 1: Classification; Level 2: Participation; Level 3: Assessment; and Level 4: Instruction.

Answer 11

c. Level 1: Identification and classification; Level 2: Basic competence; Level 3: Intentional competence; and Level 4: Psychoeducational teaching competence.

Question 12

Use of a skill and anticipate how the client will respond and flexibility to change skills to meet the short-term and long-term needs of the client – what level of competence?

Answer 12

Intentional Competence

Question 13

Which of the following focuses on gathering client data, suggesting ways to solve problems, or providing information?

a. interviewing
b. psychology
c. counseling
d. psychotherapy

Answer 13

a. Interviewing

Question 14

Which of the following is a more personal process that emphasizes listening and understanding client’s life challenges and developing strategies for change?

a. interviewing
b. psychology
c. counseling
d. psychotherapy

Answer 14

c. Counseling

Question 15

Which of the following is a more intense process that focuses on deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties

a. interviewing
b. counseling
c. psychotherapy
d. coaching

Answer 15

c. Psychotherapy

Question 16

being in the moment and responding flexibly to ever-changing situations and needs of clients

Answer 16

Intentionality

Question 17

The ability of an individual to express and activate all capacities, growth motivated vs. deficiency-motivated. Overcome challenges and take charge of their lives

Answer 17

Self-Actualization

Question 18

Questioning, Encouraging, Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Reflecting Feelings are?

Answer 18

Empathic Basic Listening Skills

Question 19

Focusing, Empathetic Confrontation, Reflection of meaning, and Concrete Action strategies( stress management, self-disclosure, natural and logical consequence, directives, psychoeducation, and therapeutic lifestyle changes)

Answer 19

Influencing Skills

Question 20

Identify the behavioral foundations of intentional counseling and psychotherapy. They are specific communication skills, you learn to master one by one and learn to integrate them in a well-informed session.

Answer 20

Microskills

Question 21

Transcendence 
Determining Personal Style 
Skills integration 
Applying Skills to theory 
Influencing Client - Actions and Decisions 
5 stages of the counseling session
Basic listening sequence 
Ethics, multicultural competence, neuroscience, and positive psychology/resilience

Answer 21

Microskills Hierarchy

Question 22

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy?

a. these terms are often used interchangeably in this book
b. there is considerable overlap among these activities
c. Only psychotherapy involves real therapy
d. interviewing is usually short term

Answer 22

c. Only psychotherapy involves real therapy

Question 23

______ is primarily focused on normal, developmental issues and concerns

a. interviewing
b. counseling
c. psychotherapy
d. psychiatry

Answer 23

b. counseling

Question 24

How can you distinguish psychotherapy from interviewing and counseling?

a. psychotherapy is briefer than interviewing and counseling
b. psychotherapy works with less complex problems of daily living
c. psychotherapy is a more intense process dealing with deep-seated personality or behavioral disorders
d. none of these

Answer 24

c. psychotherapy is a more intense process dealing with deep-seated personality or behavioral disorders

Question 25

According to Sue and Sue (2013) about _____ of clients drop out after the first session.

a. 5%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%

Answer 25

c. 50%

Question 26

According to Carlstedt’s findings:

a. about 50% of the clients did not return after the first session
b. 50% finished after four sessions
c. 25% completed their work in 5 to 10 sessions
d. most clients completed therapy by the 35th session

Answer 26

a. about 50% of the clients did not return after the first session

Question 27

Why is counseling considered to be an art?

a. Counselors’ experience in the world is key for helping.
b. Counselors tailor their knowledge and experience to the uniqueness of each client.
c. Counselors constantly choose from their knowledge-base ways to help clients grow.
d. All of the above.

Answer 27

d. All of the above.

Question 28

Which of the following is FALSE?

a. Counselors need to be competent in evidence based counseling skills.
b. Counselors need to know their theoretical systems of counseling.
c. Counselors need to use scientific research to precisely determine what will be the most
useful way to help each one of their clients.
d. All of the above.

Answer 28

c. Counselors need to use scientific research to precisely determine what will be the most
useful way to help each one of their clients.

Question 29

Intentional interviewing is concerned with:

a. finding the single best response for each client statement.
b. the counselor knowing one theory exceptionally well.
c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement.
d. being able to explain why you made that particular choice.

Answer 29

c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement.

Question 30

Intentionality is:

a. deciding from among a range of alternative actions how to help different clients.
b. having a preferred action or thought to offer to all our clients.
c. using a preselected point of view to understand clients’ problems.
d. applying similar skills to help client from different ethnic groups or cultures.

Answer 30

a. deciding from among a range of alternative actions how to help different clients.

Question 31

The aim of intentional Interviewing and Counseling is to help you:

a. find the correct answer for helping a client dealing with interpersonal issues.
b. choose one theory of therapy to help all clients more effectively.
c. develop multiple possibilities for helping the client deal with the world.
d. none of the above.

Answer 31

c. develop multiple possibilities for helping the client deal with the world.

Question 32

If your first effort is not successful, ________.

a. ask the client if he or she heard your statement
b. change your approach to the client on the spot
c. repeat your last statement
d. all of the above

Answer 32

b. change your approach to the client on the spot

Question 33

According to the authors, seeking the “perfect empathetic response:”

a. is a useful goal, but extremely difficult to attain.
b. is often attempted by counselors who seek “right” answers to solve client problems, even
though “right answers” may not exist.
c. should be a goal for the most effective counselor.
d. demonstrates that you have achieved full intentionality.

Answer 33

b. is often attempted by counselors who seek “right” answers to solve client problems, even
though “right answers” may not exist.

Question 34

The intentional counselor or therapist:

a. understands the importance of practice to achieve mastery.
b. is responsible for becoming competent in interviewing skills and strategies.
c. recognizes the importance of self-understanding in helping others.
d. all of the above

Answer 34

d. all of the above

Question 35

Male Client: (talking about job conflict) I just don’t know what to do about my new boss. He is always blaming me even when I do a good job. He’s new on the job; maybe he doesn’t have much experience as a supervisor. But he’s got me so jumpy and nervous I can’t sleep at night. My family isn’t doing well and I’ve been arguing with my wife. She doesn’t understand what’s going on. And the kids aren’t doing well in school.

Which of the following actions is NOT useful or appropriate when beginning to counsel this client?

a. Reflect feelings.
b. Ask an open question.
c. Attempt to use a perfect empathic response.
d. Summarize the client statement and ask where the client would like to start.

Answer 35

c. Attempt to use a perfect empathic response.

Question 36

The microskills hierarchy:

a. describes interview skills in order of importance.
b. demonstrates that alternative settings require different counseling skills.
c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.
d. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs.

Answer 36

c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.

Question 37

Microskills are:

a. comprehensive intervention skills.
b. communication skills units.
c. persuasive communication strategies.
d. hidden codes of communication.

Answer 37

b. communication skills units.

Question 38

In session, the microskills may have:

a. different effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds.
b. consistent and predictable effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds.
c. limitations due to lack of emphasis on multicultural issues.
d. predictable impact on White clients, but not on People of Color.

Answer 38

a. different effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds.

Question 39

The microskills rest on a base of ____.

a. multicultural competence, wellness, and positive psychology
b. genetics, ethics, and strengths
c. listening competencies, ethics, and drive
d. ethics, multicultural competence, and wellness

Answer 39

d. ethics, multicultural competence, and wellness

Question 40

Attending behavior includes all of the following choices, EXCEPT ____.

a. culturally appropriate listening
b. listening skills
c. being totally empathetic with the client
d. using appropriate patterns of body language and vocal quality

Answer 40

c. being totally empathetic with the client

Question 41

Which of the following is FALSE?

a. Eye contact and body language patterns differ among cultural groups.
b. Religion, class, and gender are part of multicultural differences.
c. We can expect individuals from different cultural groups to have the same behavior.
d. Stereotyping individuals or cultural groups is inappropriate.

Answer 41

c. We can expect individuals from different cultural groups to have the same behavior.

Question 42

Conducting a full client interview using only listening skills:

a. is a key skill to be learned by helping professionals.
b. is possible only if the interviewer is a consummate professional.
c. is a consummate professional. not possible by any helping professional; other skills are required.
d. is a ludicrous idea.

Answer 42

a. is a key skill to be learned by helping professionals.

Question 43

The Microskills Hierarchy

a. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs.
b. demonstrates that alternative settings for counseling require different skills.
c. describes the skills in order of importance.
d. provides a picture of the microskills as they move from attending to influencing to skill
integration.

Answer 43

d. provides a picture of the microskills as they move from attending to influencing to skill
integration.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps used to learn the microskills?

a. Warm up
b. Review
c. Analyze
d. Practice

Answer 44

c. Analyze

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the microskills learning model?

a. Warm up
b. View
c. Interpret
d. Generalize

Answer 45

c. Interpret

Question 46

Which of the following accurately summarizes the five-step model for practical competence and mastery of the microskills?

a. Read about the skill; Define its key features; Observe skill in role-play; Practice the skill;
Record results

b. Warm up by focusing on the skill; View it in action; Read about its effective use; Practice
in role-play; Generalize

c. Plan for learning; Observe the skill; Define skill purpose; Observe skill in role-play;
Practice and plan

d. Observe skill in action; Plan for learning; Learn the skill; Practice in role-play; Take
action

Answer 46

b. Warm up by focusing on the skill; View it in action; Read about its effective use; Practice
in role-play; Generalize

Question 47

____ is another term for relationship.

a. Affiliation
b. Working alliance
c. Active liaison
d. Engagement

Answer 47

b. Working alliance

Question 48

Approximately ____ percent of successful counseling and therapy outcome is said to be due to relationship or common factors.

a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%

Answer 48

c. 30%

Question 49

Common factors include ____.

a. caring and empathy
b. acceptance and affirmation
c. encouragement
d. all of these

Answer 49

d. all of these

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT part of the common factors described by Duncan et al?

a. Caring and empathy
b. Acceptance and affirmation
c. Analysis and interpretation
d. Encouragement

Answer 50

C. Analysis and Interpretation

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT true about empathic relationship?

a. Empathic relationship highlights the importance of developing rapport and trust with your
client.
b. Empathic relationship requires that you be open to individuals different from you.
c. Despite individual differences, the empathic relationship will be the same from interview
to interview.
d. Your attending and empathic listening skills will be key to the empathic relationship.

Answer 51

c. Despite individual differences, the empathic relationship will be the same from interview
to interview.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of competence identified in this chapter?

a. Level 1: Identification and classification
b. Level 2: Basic competence
c. Level 3: Learning competence
d. Level 4: Psychoeducational teaching competence

Answer 52

c. Level 3: Learning competence

Question 53

What would you expect from a person at a basic level of competence?

a. To be able to perform the skills in an interview
b. To be able to use a skill with predictable results
c. To be able to teach the skill to someone else
d. None of the above

Answer 53

a. To be able to perform the skills in an interview