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OMF Pathology > Chapter 1 concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 1 concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What does it means when a condition is congenital?

A

present at birth

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2
Q

What forms the primary palate?

A

merging of medial nasal processes

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3
Q

What forms the secondary palate?

A

maxillary palatal processes (first branchial arches)

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4
Q

What is the rule of 10’s?

A

To fix the cleft lip you should wait until they’re either 10 wks, 10 lbs., or 10gm %HM. Whichever is first

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5
Q

What happens when the palatal shelves don’t fuse?

A

cleft palate

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6
Q

What is the minimal manifestation of CP?

A

bifid uvula

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7
Q

__% of cases of CP also include CL

A

45%

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8
Q

__% of CP happen when the patient has a syndrome

A

50%

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9
Q

What are the three common manifestations of Pierre Robin Sequence?

A

Cleft palate, mandibular micrognathia, glossoptosis

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10
Q

What are some environmental factors that can cause orofacial clefts?

A

maternal alcohol/cig use, folic acid deficiency, corticosteroid use, anticonvulsant therapy,

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11
Q

What forms a lateral facial cleft?

A

No fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes

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12
Q

What forms an oblique facial cleft?

A

No fusion of lateral nasal and maxillary processes

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13
Q

What populations have the highest prevalence of orofacial clefts?

A

Native americans, asians, caucasians, and african americans (in that order)

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14
Q

What presents as a bluish midline and a bony notch in the posterior hard palate region?

A

Sub mucous palatal cleft

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15
Q

Name five professionals involved in fixing orofacial clefts.

A

OMFS, plastic surgeon, orthodontist, prosthodontist, speech pathologist

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16
Q

What are invaginations occurring in the corners of the mouth on the vermilion border?

A

Commissural lip pits

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17
Q

Paramedian lip pits are a classic manifestation of what syndrome?

A

van der Woude syndrome

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18
Q

van der Woude syndrome is the most common cause of ________.

A

syndromic clefting

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19
Q

Double lip is most common with what syndrome?

A

Ascher syndrome

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20
Q

What are three characteristics/manifestations of Ascher syndrome?

A

double lip, blepharochalasis (eyelid edema), and nontoxic thyroid enlargement

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21
Q

What are ectopic sebaceous glands?

A

Fordyce granules (80% of population has them)

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22
Q

How do fordyce granules present?

A

As yellow or yellow-white papular lesions on buccal mucosa and lateral vermilion border of upper lip

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23
Q

Who mostly likely has leukoedema?

A

90% of african american adults

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24
Q

How does leukoedema present?

A

Diffuse, gray-white, opalescent lesions bilaterally on buccal mucosa (disappears when mucosa is stretched)

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25
Q

Define microglossia.

A

small tongue

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26
Q

Aglossia is frequently associated with what?

A

mandibular micrognathia

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27
Q

Macroglossia is most frequently caused by what?

A

Vascular malformations, muscular hypertrophy, lymphangioma, down syndrome, amyloidosis, angioedema, tumors

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28
Q

Macroglossia presents with what signs?

A

noisy breathing, drooling, difficulty eating/speaking

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29
Q

Macroglossia is most associated with what syndrome?

A

Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome

30
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

short, thick lingual frenum limiting movement of tongue

31
Q

What happens if epithelium doesn’t fuse together where the thyroid descended?

A

A thyroglossal duct cyst

32
Q

Where is ectopic thyroid found?

A

between foramen cecum and epiglottis

33
Q

When do symptoms of lingual thyroid arise?

A

puberty, pregnancy, or menopause

34
Q

Fissured tongue is a component of what syndrome?

A

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

35
Q

What is fissured tongue?

A

grooves/furrows on the dorsal tongue that are 2-6mm deep

36
Q

Geographic tongue is also known as?

A

Benign migratory glossitis

37
Q

How does geographic tongue usually present?

A

Smooth erythematous area with white to yellow rolled border. This pattern constantly shifts

38
Q

What forms hairy tongue?

A

accumulation of keratin on the filiform papilla on the dorsal tongue

39
Q

What is the most common type of oral varicosity?

A

sublingual varix

40
Q

What is a phlebolith?

A

A calcified varicosity on the lip/buccal mucosa

41
Q

What is caliber persistent artery?

A

A main arterial branch that sits in superficial submucosa without reducing diameter. (has pulse)

42
Q

Coronoid hyperplasia will cause a deviation toward which side upon opening?

A

toward the affected side (because large coronoid can’t leave the zygomatic arch area)

43
Q

Condylar hyperplasia will cause deviation to which side upon opening?

A

Toward the opposite side than affected

44
Q

How do palatal exostoses grow?

A

laterally on the hard palate

45
Q

How does a palatal torus grow?

A

down from the palate

46
Q

What is a common exostosis occurring in the midline of the hard palate?

A

Torus palatinus

47
Q

What is a stafne defect?

A

Where the mandibular salivary gland makes a depression in the mandible

48
Q

What causes Eagle’s syndrome?

A

Elongated stylohyoid process

49
Q

Define cyst.

A

Pathologic cavity lined by epithelium

50
Q

How are cysts different from abscesses?

A

Cysts are fluid filled and abscesses are filled with mostly PMNs, and aren’t lined by epithelium

51
Q

What are palatal cysts in newborns?

A

Epstein’s pearls occur along midline from entrapped epithelium when palatal shelves fused

52
Q

What are Bohn’s nodules?

A

They’re small white or yellow papules along the midline near the jxn of hard/soft palate

53
Q

What is a swelling of the upper lip lateral to the midline that results in elevation of the ala?

A

Nasolabial cyst

54
Q

In what kind of tissue do nasolabial cysts form?

A

occurs in soft tissue, but is made of either epithelial remnants or misplaced epithelium from nasolacrimal duct

55
Q

What are the three most common reasons for globulomaxillary radiolucencies?

A

Radicular cyst (aka periapical cyst), periapical granuloma, and lateral periodontal cyst

56
Q

What is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity?

A

The Nasopalatine Duct Cyst

57
Q

Do roots resorb during a nasopalatine duct cyst?

A

Nopers because the cyst is in the duct and not the alveolar ridge

58
Q

What is a cyst of the incisive papilla?

A

its a nasopalatine duct cyst that can develop in the soft tissues of the incisive papilla with any bony involvement

59
Q

Will teeth remain vital with a nasopalatine cyst? (either in the duct or in the incisive papilla)

A

Yes the teeth are vital because it’s not within the PDL space

60
Q

What is a localized white or yellow nodular, fluctuant, subcutaneous lesion often presenting on the back of adults?

A

Epidermoid cyst represents 80% of follicular cysts of the skin

61
Q

Where do pilar cysts most commonly occur?

A

On the scalp and derived from hair follicles

62
Q

What is a benign, cystic form of a teratoma occurring along the midline as a submucosal, fluctuant swelling at the FOM?

A

Dermoid cyst

63
Q

What are epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract?

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

64
Q

A cyst of the oral lymphoid tissue is what?

A

Lymphoepithelial cyst

65
Q

A cyst occurring ⅔ of time on the L side of neck along the anterior border of the SCM is what?

A

Cervical lymphoepithelial cyst (aka branchial cleft cyst)

66
Q

What three syndromes are associated with hemihyperplasia?

A

Weckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, and Proteus syndrome

67
Q

What is progressive hemifacial atrophy?

A

Its atrophy affecting just one side of the face *either caused by trauma or Borelia spp.

68
Q

What is it called when there is unilateral enlargement of maxilla and overlying gingiva?

A

Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

69
Q

What is characterized by craniosynostosis, brachycephaly/scaphocephaly/trigonocephaly, “cloverleaf” skull, underdeveloped maxilla, and a “beaten-metal” pattern on radiograph of skull?

A

Crouzon syndrome (aka craniofacial dysostosis)

70
Q

What is characterized by ocular proptosis, hypertelorism, downward slant of lateral palpebral fissures, syndactyly, and mental retardation?

A

Apert syndrome (aka Acrocephalosyndactyly)

71
Q

3/4 of Apert syndrome patients will have what manifestation?

A

Cleft soft palate or bifid uvula

72
Q

What syndrome results from defective structures of 1st and 2nd branchial arches?

A

Treacher-Collins syndrome

OMF Pathology (21 decks)

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