Chapter 1 concepts Flashcards
What does it means when a condition is congenital?
present at birth
What forms the primary palate?
merging of medial nasal processes
What forms the secondary palate?
maxillary palatal processes (first branchial arches)
What is the rule of 10’s?
To fix the cleft lip you should wait until they’re either 10 wks, 10 lbs., or 10gm %HM. Whichever is first
What happens when the palatal shelves don’t fuse?
cleft palate
What is the minimal manifestation of CP?
bifid uvula
__% of cases of CP also include CL
45%
__% of CP happen when the patient has a syndrome
50%
What are the three common manifestations of Pierre Robin Sequence?
Cleft palate, mandibular micrognathia, glossoptosis
What are some environmental factors that can cause orofacial clefts?
maternal alcohol/cig use, folic acid deficiency, corticosteroid use, anticonvulsant therapy,
What forms a lateral facial cleft?
No fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes
What forms an oblique facial cleft?
No fusion of lateral nasal and maxillary processes
What populations have the highest prevalence of orofacial clefts?
Native americans, asians, caucasians, and african americans (in that order)
What presents as a bluish midline and a bony notch in the posterior hard palate region?
Sub mucous palatal cleft
Name five professionals involved in fixing orofacial clefts.
OMFS, plastic surgeon, orthodontist, prosthodontist, speech pathologist
What are invaginations occurring in the corners of the mouth on the vermilion border?
Commissural lip pits
Paramedian lip pits are a classic manifestation of what syndrome?
van der Woude syndrome
van der Woude syndrome is the most common cause of ________.
syndromic clefting
Double lip is most common with what syndrome?
Ascher syndrome
What are three characteristics/manifestations of Ascher syndrome?
double lip, blepharochalasis (eyelid edema), and nontoxic thyroid enlargement
What are ectopic sebaceous glands?
Fordyce granules (80% of population has them)
How do fordyce granules present?
As yellow or yellow-white papular lesions on buccal mucosa and lateral vermilion border of upper lip
Who mostly likely has leukoedema?
90% of african american adults
How does leukoedema present?
Diffuse, gray-white, opalescent lesions bilaterally on buccal mucosa (disappears when mucosa is stretched)
Define microglossia.
small tongue
Aglossia is frequently associated with what?
mandibular micrognathia
Macroglossia is most frequently caused by what?
Vascular malformations, muscular hypertrophy, lymphangioma, down syndrome, amyloidosis, angioedema, tumors
Macroglossia presents with what signs?
noisy breathing, drooling, difficulty eating/speaking
Macroglossia is most associated with what syndrome?
Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome
What is ankyloglossia?
short, thick lingual frenum limiting movement of tongue
What happens if epithelium doesn’t fuse together where the thyroid descended?
A thyroglossal duct cyst
Where is ectopic thyroid found?
between foramen cecum and epiglottis
When do symptoms of lingual thyroid arise?
puberty, pregnancy, or menopause
Fissured tongue is a component of what syndrome?
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
What is fissured tongue?
grooves/furrows on the dorsal tongue that are 2-6mm deep
Geographic tongue is also known as?
Benign migratory glossitis
How does geographic tongue usually present?
Smooth erythematous area with white to yellow rolled border. This pattern constantly shifts
What forms hairy tongue?
accumulation of keratin on the filiform papilla on the dorsal tongue
What is the most common type of oral varicosity?
sublingual varix
What is a phlebolith?
A calcified varicosity on the lip/buccal mucosa
What is caliber persistent artery?
A main arterial branch that sits in superficial submucosa without reducing diameter. (has pulse)
Coronoid hyperplasia will cause a deviation toward which side upon opening?
toward the affected side (because large coronoid can’t leave the zygomatic arch area)
Condylar hyperplasia will cause deviation to which side upon opening?
Toward the opposite side than affected
How do palatal exostoses grow?
laterally on the hard palate
How does a palatal torus grow?
down from the palate
What is a common exostosis occurring in the midline of the hard palate?
Torus palatinus
What is a stafne defect?
Where the mandibular salivary gland makes a depression in the mandible
What causes Eagle’s syndrome?
Elongated stylohyoid process
Define cyst.
Pathologic cavity lined by epithelium
How are cysts different from abscesses?
Cysts are fluid filled and abscesses are filled with mostly PMNs, and aren’t lined by epithelium
What are palatal cysts in newborns?
Epstein’s pearls occur along midline from entrapped epithelium when palatal shelves fused
What are Bohn’s nodules?
They’re small white or yellow papules along the midline near the jxn of hard/soft palate
What is a swelling of the upper lip lateral to the midline that results in elevation of the ala?
Nasolabial cyst
In what kind of tissue do nasolabial cysts form?
occurs in soft tissue, but is made of either epithelial remnants or misplaced epithelium from nasolacrimal duct
What are the three most common reasons for globulomaxillary radiolucencies?
Radicular cyst (aka periapical cyst), periapical granuloma, and lateral periodontal cyst
What is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity?
The Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
Do roots resorb during a nasopalatine duct cyst?
Nopers because the cyst is in the duct and not the alveolar ridge
What is a cyst of the incisive papilla?
its a nasopalatine duct cyst that can develop in the soft tissues of the incisive papilla with any bony involvement
Will teeth remain vital with a nasopalatine cyst? (either in the duct or in the incisive papilla)
Yes the teeth are vital because it’s not within the PDL space
What is a localized white or yellow nodular, fluctuant, subcutaneous lesion often presenting on the back of adults?
Epidermoid cyst represents 80% of follicular cysts of the skin
Where do pilar cysts most commonly occur?
On the scalp and derived from hair follicles
What is a benign, cystic form of a teratoma occurring along the midline as a submucosal, fluctuant swelling at the FOM?
Dermoid cyst
What are epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract?
thyroglossal duct cyst
A cyst of the oral lymphoid tissue is what?
Lymphoepithelial cyst
A cyst occurring ⅔ of time on the L side of neck along the anterior border of the SCM is what?
Cervical lymphoepithelial cyst (aka branchial cleft cyst)
What three syndromes are associated with hemihyperplasia?
Weckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, and Proteus syndrome
What is progressive hemifacial atrophy?
Its atrophy affecting just one side of the face *either caused by trauma or Borelia spp.
What is it called when there is unilateral enlargement of maxilla and overlying gingiva?
Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia
What is characterized by craniosynostosis, brachycephaly/scaphocephaly/trigonocephaly, “cloverleaf” skull, underdeveloped maxilla, and a “beaten-metal” pattern on radiograph of skull?
Crouzon syndrome (aka craniofacial dysostosis)
What is characterized by ocular proptosis, hypertelorism, downward slant of lateral palpebral fissures, syndactyly, and mental retardation?
Apert syndrome (aka Acrocephalosyndactyly)
3/4 of Apert syndrome patients will have what manifestation?
Cleft soft palate or bifid uvula
What syndrome results from defective structures of 1st and 2nd branchial arches?
Treacher-Collins syndrome
