17 Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

Question 1

When xcess bilirubin in the bloodstream accumulates resulting in yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucosa, what is it called?

Answer 1

Jaundice

Question 2

What is this oral manifestation called?

Answer 2

Jaundice

Question 3

What fiber has a higher affinity for bilirubin?

Answer 3

Elastin fibers

(more elastin found in sclera, lingual frenum, and soft palate)

Question 4

Your pt has a markedly yellow lingual frenum. What four things can manifest with such yellow discolorations?

Answer 4

Anemia, cancer, hepatic infection, and Gilbert Syndrome

Question 5

What are six classifications of amyloidosis?

Answer 5

1. Organ-limited
   * Systemic
   
   1. Primary
   2. Myeloma associated
   3. Secondary
   4. Hemodialysis associated
   5. Heredofamilial

Question 6

Primary and myeloma-associated systemic amyloidosis affects what age group? And what are most common sites affected?

Answer 6

• older adults
• Mostly affected areas are eyelids, neck, and lips

Question 7

Secondary systemic amyloidosis develops as a result of what?

Answer 7

chronic inflammatory process

(like TB, sarcoidosis, or osteomyelitis)

Question 8

What happens with hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis?

Answer 8

All proteins aren’t filtered out of blood, so they accumulate in plasma and eventually in bones and joints

Question 9

T or F: Heart conditions and renal failure are frequently seen in patients with heredofamilial amyloidosis.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Vitamin A (retinol) deficiency can cause what?

Answer 10

blindness

Question 11

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency can cause what?

Answer 11

Beriberi

Question 12

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency can cause what?

Answer 12

angular cheilitis, glossitis

Question 13

Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency can cause what?

Answer 13

Pellagra (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea)

Question 14

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency can cause what?

Answer 14

scurvy

Question 15

Vitamin D (considered a hormone) deficiency can cause what?

Answer 15

Rickets, osteomalacia

Question 16

Vitamin K deficiency can cause what?

Answer 16

Coagulation problems because it’s needed for activation of Factors II, VII, IX, and X

Question 17

What is the most common cause of anemia in the U.S and the World?

Answer 17

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 18

What are the oral manifestations of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 18

Angular cheilitis, and atrophic glossitis

Question 19

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome is characterized by what three manifestations?

Answer 19

1. iron deficiency anemia
2. glossitis
3. dysphagia

Question 20

T or F: Plummer-Vinson Syndrome is considered a premalignant process.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Most patients with Plummer-Vinson Syndrome are women of __________ or _______ ________ background between the ages of 30 & 50.

Answer 21

Scandinavian, Northern European

Question 22

What is unique about patients’ nails with Plummer-Vinson Syndrome?

Answer 22

Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails)

Question 23

Pernicious anemia is caused by poor absorption of _________.

Answer 23

Cobalamin (vitamin B12, extrinsic factor)

Question 24

What oral manifestation does pernicious anemia present with?

Answer 24

Atrophic glossitis

Question 25

What hormone causes gigantism?

Answer 25

Growth hormone

Question 26

How does gigantism happen?

Answer 26

Increased production of growth hormone, usually related to a functioning pituitary adenoma. All before the epiphyseal plates close.

Question 27

If you couldn't tell your patient had gigantism when they walk into your office at 8' tall, what oral manifestation would they present with?

Answer 27

macrodontia

Question 28

How is acromegaly different from gigantism?

Answer 28

Acromegaly is marked by increased growth hormone ***after*** the closure of epiphyseal plates

Question 29

What characteristics would you see with acromegaly?

Answer 29

Prognathism with diastema formation, and macroglossia

Question 30

Hypothyroidism in infancy is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

Cretinism

Question 31

Hypothyroidism in adulthood is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 31

Myxedema

Question 32

Why do DM patients have a higher chance for periodontitis and experience delayed healing?

Answer 32

They have impaired neutrophil function, and abnormal vasoconstriction of small vessels causing lowered perfusion.

Question 33

What are some oral manifestations of Type I DM?

Answer 33

* periodontitis * delayed healing * candidiasis * zygomycosis * xerostomia * enlarged, erythematous gingiva * sialadenosis * bilateral enlarged parotid glands

Question 34

Nodular swellings and a “Cobblestone appearance” of the oral mucosa are manifestations of what condition?

Answer 34

Crohn's Disease

Question 35

Linear ulcerations can be a sign for what condition?

Answer 35

Crohn's disease

Question 36

What is this tongue condition called?

Answer 36

glossitis

Question 37

This is an oral manifestation for what systemic diseases?

Answer 37

* iron deficiency anemia * pernicious anemia * plummer-vinson syndrome * vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency