7 Viral Pathology Flashcards
In this disease, which will be the first of the three most common locations to find lesions? (they also present with flulike symptoms)
Oral lesions come first (diagnosis = hand foot and mouth disease)
Besides seeing their throat, pt presents with fever, cough, sore throat, and headache. Diagnosis?
Herpangina (caused by enterovirus)
Caused by HSV, what is this called?
Intraoral recurrent herpetic infection
Pt has sore throat, fever, and mild headache. Pt reports these nodules have been there for a few days and haven’t “popped”.
Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
Primary herpes in older patients will present as ______________ with what symptoms?
Pharyngotonsillitis with sore throat, fever, and headache
What is your risk of getting HIV after a percutaneous exposure with HIV-contaminated blood?
0.3%
A pt comes in complaining of shivering a lot, and joint and muscle pain. You discover they have a fever and take a small bipsy from the parotid gland (for some strange reason).
Cytomegalovirus
What anatomy is infected during Mumps?
Most commonly the salivary gland(s)
Pt presents with hyperplastic pharyngeal tonsils and petechiae of the soft palate. What might they have?
Infectious mononucleosis
What causes the “kissing disease”?
Epstein-Barr virus
VZV presented in the external auditory canal is a manifestation of what?
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
What are seven predisposing factors for reactivating VZV?
- immunosuppression (or suppressive drugs)
- dental manipulation
- radiation
- malignancies
- increasing age
- alcohol abuse
- emotional or physical stress
With Mumps, what are possible sequelae?
- 25% of males have postpubertal epididymorchitis
- 25% of 1st trimester women have spontaneous abortions
Recurrent herpes of the finger is called what?
Herpetic whitlow
Diagnose
Mumps
What is the most prevalent area for herpes labialis?
On the vermillion border and adjacent skin of lips
Why should a patient with mono avoid contact sports?
The spleen is enlarged and “peeks” out below the rib cage, making it vulnerable to be ruptured.
If this is HSV-1, where would it be when dormant?
Trigeminal ganglion
What is the go-to drug to treat HIV-related candidiasis?
Nystatin
(clotrimazole if tx is difficult)
(fluconazole if pt’s HIV is uncontrolled)
Most HSV-1 affected individuals contract the virus in what age range?
6 months - 5 years
(not under 6 mo. because they’re still protected by maternal immunity)
What is this massive necrosis of soft tissue and bone of the maxilla? (sequelae of untreated periodontitis)
HIV-associated necrotizing stomatitis
If HIV-related periodontitis is left untreated, what can it develop into?
Necrotizing stomatitis
What is the most common virus to cause this? (pt presents with sore throat, fever, dysphagia)
Coxsackievirus (diagnosis = herpangina)
Where does VZV lay dormant until it present as secondary infection?
Dorsal spinal ganglia
What are the three atypical patterns of periodontal disease seen in HIV patients?
- Linear gingival erythema
- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
You see this on your little patient’s hands and upon intraoral exam you find fragile vesicles and ulcerations along the buccal mucosa and tongue. Diagnosis?
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
What virus causes Measles?
Paramyxovirus
What causes this presentation of widespread yellowish mucosal ulcerations?
HSV-1
(condition pictured is acute herpetic gingivostomatitis)
Which virus can lay dormant in salivary glands cells, endothelium, macrophages, or lymphocytes?
Cytomegalovirus
These “spots” represent what disease? (pt has coryza, cough, and conjuctivitis)
Measles (Rubeola)
What are the three most commonly affected sites in Kaposi’s Sarcoma?
- Hard palate
- Gingiva
- Tongue
What is this called?
herpes barbae
What virus causes Rubella?
Togavirus
Young pt presents with adenopathy and fatigue. What might they have?
Infectious mononucleosis
What is this secondary infection of HSV?
herpes labialis
What are the possible oral manifestations related to HIV/AIDS?
- Candidiasis
- Hairy leukoplakia (EBV)
- Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV-8)
- Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Periodontal disease
What are three distinct histologic features of herpes simplex?
- Multinucleation
- Ballooning degeneration
- Tzanck cells
What are the three stages of Rubeola?
- Koplik’s spots
- Fever and maculopapular rash forms
- Brown pigmentary staining replaces rash
What HSV-1 caused disease can cause painful, enlarged, and erythematous palatal gingiva?
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
Pt also presents with Forchheimer’s signs. What is the diagnosis?
Rubella
How does VZV present orally?
Unilaterally on movable or bound mucosa
Nodules found with Acute Lymphonodular Pharyngitis represent what?
Hyperplastic lymphoid aggregates (so they do not ulcerate)
This secondary infection usually presents on a unilateral dermatome. What is it?
Shingles (secondary VZV infection)
Most people get this between 5 and 10 years old.
Varicella-Zoster virus
(primary infection = chicken pox)
What are the three stages of HIV/AIDS?
- Acute self-limiting viral syndrome
- Asymptomatic period
- Symptomatic period
