Chapter 1: Biology, Exploring Life Flashcards
What are the characteristics of life?
They are composed of one or more cells.
Autonomously reproduce themselves.
Obtain energy from their environment.
Sense their environment and respond to it.
Maintain a constant internal environment.
Growth and Development.
They can evolve as a group.
Living.
Cell
The simplest structure that can preform all activities required for life.
Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest unit of living matter.
All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells.
Metabolism
refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within the body and its cells.
Synthesis Reactions
creates
Decomposition
to break
Homeostasis
maintaining balance
Autotrophs
producers that ca make their own food.
Heterotrophs
consumers, fungi, and animals must obtain food from others.
Levels of organization of living things
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Species
Organism
Organ system
Organ
Tissue
Cell Organelle
Molecule (DNA)
Atoms
Charles Darwins 1st main point
a large amount of evidence supports the idea of evolution, that species living today are descendants of ancestral species in what Darwin called “descent modification”
Charles Darwins 2nd main point
Natural selection is the driving mechanism for evolution. Organisms with characteristics better fitted for an environment will survive more often and produce more offspring than others of the same species (survival of the fittest)
Species
organisms that can interbreed and create viable offspring.
Natural selection was interfered by connecting two observations
Individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are passed on from parents to offspring.
A population can produce far more offspring than the environment can support
Adaptation
Any characteristic that makes an organism more suited to its environment.
Speciation
Formation of a new species.
5 lines of evidence in support to evolution
Fossil record
Biogeography
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Molecular Biology
Biogeography
study of migration patterns.
Vestigial Structure
Anatomical features that are fully developed in one group or organisms but reduced and nonfunctional in other similar groups.
Homologous Strutures
Similar structures, different functions.
Anatomically similar structures are explainable by inheritance from a possible common ancestor.
Life depends of the flow of?
(genes) information.
Taxonomy
names species and classifies them into a system of broader groups.
What are the three domains?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
the most diverse and widespread prokaryote
Archaea
Prokaryotes often live in Earth’s extreme environments.
Eukarya
include single-celled protists and multicellular fungi, animals, and plants.
Inductive Reasoning
To draw general conclusions from many observations
Concludes the logical process of induction
Repeating specific observations can lead to important generalizations.
Deductive Reasoning
The logic flows from general to specific.
Hypothesis based on science (If….then…)
Independent Variable
The variable that is being manipulated.
Dependent Variable
a variable that changes in direct response to the manipulated variable. The measure used to judge the outcome of the experiment.
Control
Unchanged unit, in its natural state.
Experimental Group
The group is a controlled experiment with control.
A Controlled Experiment
Compare an experimental group with a control group.
Scientific Theory
Much broader in scope than a hypothesis, usually general enough to generate many new, specific hypothesis, which can then be tested, and supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence.
