Chapter 1: Biology, Exploring Life

Question 1

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 1

They are composed of one or more cells.
Autonomously reproduce themselves.
Obtain energy from their environment.
Sense their environment and respond to it.
Maintain a constant internal environment.
Growth and Development.
They can evolve as a group.
Living.

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

The simplest structure that can preform all activities required for life.

Question 3

Cell Theory

Answer 3

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest unit of living matter.
All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells.

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within the body and its cells.

Question 5

Synthesis Reactions

Answer 5

creates

Question 6

Decomposition

Answer 6

to break

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

maintaining balance

Question 8

Autotrophs

Answer 8

producers that ca make their own food.

Question 9

Heterotrophs

Answer 9

consumers, fungi, and animals must obtain food from others.

Question 10

Levels of organization of living things

Answer 10

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Species
Organism
Organ system
Organ
Tissue
Cell Organelle
Molecule (DNA)
Atoms

Question 11

Charles Darwins 1st main point

Answer 11

a large amount of evidence supports the idea of evolution, that species living today are descendants of ancestral species in what Darwin called “descent modification”

Question 12

Charles Darwins 2nd main point

Answer 12

Natural selection is the driving mechanism for evolution. Organisms with characteristics better fitted for an environment will survive more often and produce more offspring than others of the same species (survival of the fittest)

Question 13

Species

Answer 13

organisms that can interbreed and create viable offspring.

Question 14

Natural selection was interfered by connecting two observations

Answer 14

Individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are passed on from parents to offspring.
A population can produce far more offspring than the environment can support

Question 15

Adaptation

Answer 15

Any characteristic that makes an organism more suited to its environment.

Question 16

Speciation

Answer 16

Formation of a new species.

Question 17

5 lines of evidence in support to evolution

Answer 17

Fossil record
Biogeography
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Molecular Biology

Question 18

Biogeography

Answer 18

study of migration patterns.

Question 19

Vestigial Structure

Answer 19

Anatomical features that are fully developed in one group or organisms but reduced and nonfunctional in other similar groups.

Question 20

Homologous Strutures

Answer 20

Similar structures, different functions.
Anatomically similar structures are explainable by inheritance from a possible common ancestor.

Question 21

Life depends of the flow of?

Answer 21

(genes) information.

Question 22

Taxonomy

Answer 22

names species and classifies them into a system of broader groups.

Question 23

What are the three domains?

Answer 23

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 24

Bacteria

Answer 24

the most diverse and widespread prokaryote

Question 25

Archaea

Answer 25

Prokaryotes often live in Earth’s extreme environments.

Question 26

Eukarya

Answer 26

include single-celled protists and multicellular fungi, animals, and plants.

Question 27

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 27

To draw general conclusions from many observations
Concludes the logical process of induction
Repeating specific observations can lead to important generalizations.

Question 28

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 28

The logic flows from general to specific.
Hypothesis based on science (If….then…)

Question 29

Independent Variable

Answer 29

The variable that is being manipulated.

Question 30

Dependent Variable

Answer 30

a variable that changes in direct response to the manipulated variable. The measure used to judge the outcome of the experiment.

Question 31

Control

Answer 31

Unchanged unit, in its natural state.

Question 32

Experimental Group

Answer 32

The group is a controlled experiment with control.

Question 33

A Controlled Experiment

Answer 33

Compare an experimental group with a control group.

Question 34

Scientific Theory

Answer 34

Much broader in scope than a hypothesis, usually general enough to generate many new, specific hypothesis, which can then be tested, and supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence.