Bio Final Review

Question 1

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 1

*Composed of one or more cells.
*Autonomously reproduce themselves.
*Obtain energy from their environment.
*Sense their environment and respond to it.
*Maintain a constant internal environment.
*Growth and development.
*They can evolve as group
*Are living.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

an educated guess

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

Supported evidence

Question 4

Natural Selection

Answer 4

Organisms better suited for the environment, they pass their traits.

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

Organisms that interbreed and create fertile offspring.

Question 6

Analogous

Answer 6

They have different structures but the same function.
No common ancestor

Question 7

Homologous

Answer 7

Similar structures but different functions
Possible common ancestors

Question 8

Vestigial

Answer 8

Structures have little to no function.
From an ancestor

Question 9

What are the steps for the scientific method?

Answer 9

*Ask a question/Observe
*Do background research.
*Construct a hypothesis.
*Test with an experiment
*Draw conclusions/Analyze
*hypothesis is true or false.
*Report the result.

Question 10

Structure of an atom

Answer 10

Made up of protons (positive) electrons(negative) , neutrons (neutral), and shells (orbitals)

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers or neutrons.
Sometimes radioactive.
Used for carbon dating.

Question 12

The more electrons and atom has….

Answer 12

the more power it has.

Question 13

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

Answer 13

Only two electrons.
if there are more than 2 electrons, extra shells can hold up to 8.

Question 14

Valance electrons

Answer 14

are used for chemical bonds.
Atoms share, gain, or lose electrons to fill the outer shell.

Question 15

Ionic bond

Answer 15

Atoms TAKE electrons from one another.
Cation (positive charge)
Anion (negative charge)

Question 16

Covalent Bond

Answer 16

A covalent bond forms when elements SHARE a pair of electrons.

Question 17

Polar Covalent

Answer 17

Unequal sharing of electrons. Creating polarities.

Question 18

Non-Polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 18

Equal sharing of electrons
No charge differences

Question 19

Hydrophilic

Answer 19

Having an affinity to water.

Question 20

Hydrophobic

Answer 20

lacking affinity to water.

Question 21

Solution

Answer 21

Solutes in a solvent

Question 22

Solutes

Answer 22

Dissolved substances (salt or sugar)

Question 23

Solvent

Answer 23

a liquid (like water)

Question 24

pH

Answer 24

Measure of the concentrations of hydrogen bonds.

Question 25

Acid

Answer 25

pH = 0-7
high hydrogen concentration
Donates protons/hydrogen atoms.

Question 26

Bases (alkaline)

Answer 26

pH = 7-14
Low hydrogen concentration
Accepts protons/hydrogen atoms.

Question 27

Buffers

Answer 27

Reduced the change of pH when an acid or base is added.

Question 28

What are the four major classes of organic molecules?

Answer 28

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 29

What is the building block of carbohydrates?

Answer 29

Monosaccharides

Question 30

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 30

Source of energy, building material, and energy storage.

Question 31

Carbohydrates give out ______ energy.

Answer 31

QUICK

Question 32

Glycologen

Answer 32

Form of energy stored in animal muscles.

Question 33

Are carbohydrates hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 33

Hydrophilic

Question 34

What are the building blocks for lipids?

Answer 34

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 35

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 35

To store energy and make hormones.

Question 36

What are the four types of lipids?

Answer 36

Fats
Steroids
Phospholipids
Waxes

Question 37

Triglyceride

Answer 37

Consisting of three fatty acids.

Question 38

Saturated Fat

Answer 38

Full of hydrogens
Single bonds.
High melting point.
Packed close together.

Question 39

Unsaturated Fat

Answer 39

Missing hydrogen bonds
Contains double bonds.
Low melting points
No packed close together.

Question 40

Phospholipids

Answer 40

Amphiphilic
Head is hydrophilic
Legs are hydrophobic

Question 41

Steroids

Answer 41

Hormones.
Cholesterol is an important component in animal cell membranes.

Question 42

What are the different types of Waxes?

Answer 42

Plant wax (mineral0
Animal (beeswax)

Question 43

What are the building blocks for proteins?

Answer 43

Amino acids

Question 44

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 44

Structure
Enzymes
Transport
Defense
Hormones
Motion

Question 45

Denaturation

Answer 45

Process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation making the protein inactive

Question 46

Amino acids have

Answer 46

An R group (their functional group)
amino acid group and carboxyl group

Question 47

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 47

both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 48

Enzymes are what kind of organic biomolecule?

Answer 48

Protein.

Question 49

What is the building block of nucleic acids?

Answer 49

Nucleotides

Question 50

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

Answer 50

Stores genetic information
Transfer of genetic material
Conduct chemical reactions.

Question 51

What are nucleotides made up of?

Answer 51

Phosphate group
5-carbon sugar (PENTOSE)
Nitrogenous base

Question 52

what are some examples of nucleic acids?

Answer 52

DNA
RNA
ATP

Question 53

Polysaccharide

Answer 53

Long chains of sugar units.

Question 54

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 54

Water molecules are released to bind monomers together.

For lipids- 3 water molecules are released

Question 55

Hydrolysis

Answer 55

Water is used to break down chemical bonds