Chapter 1 (a) Early psychologists

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the view of the mind held by Plato and Socrates?

Answer 1

The mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies.

Question 2

Which philosopher was the first to conclude that knowledge results from our memories of our experiences?

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Descartes theory of how our brain controlled our reflexes involved which of the following?

Answer 3

brain fluid and “animal spirits”

Question 4

4 Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”?

Answer 4

John Locke

Question 5

The ideas that most directly helped form modern empiricism were proposed by

Answer 5

John Locke and Francis Bacon.

Question 6

Which philosopher would have been most enthusiastic about modern empiricism?

Answer 6

Aristotle

Question 7

The first psychological laboratory was established by

Answer 7

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 8

Wilhelm Wundt’s laboratory work involved experimental studies of

Answer 8

reactions to sensory stimulation.

Question 9

Which of the following innovations differentiated Wilhelm Wundt’s research the most from any psychologist before him?

Answer 9

laboratory research

Question 10

Wilhelm Wundt’s early experiments were attempts to
investigate which area of psychology?

Answer 10

• the simplest mental processes

Question 11

Why is Wilhelm Wundt often considered the first scientific psychological researcher?

Answer 11

He gathered data through experiments in his lab.

Question 12

In Wilhelm Wundt’s experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. By asking participants to examine and report their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of

Answer 12

introspection

Question 13

Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?

Answer 13

Edward Titchener

Question 14

The self-reflective observation of one’s own sensations and feelings is called

Answer 14

introspection

Question 15

Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people’s inner sensations and mental images.

Answer 15

Edward Titchener

Question 16

Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as

Answer 16

introspection.

Question 17

The method of introspection was used by Titchener to identify

Answer 17

elements of sensory experience

Question 18

Research participants who carefully observe and report their immediate reactions and feelings in response to different musical sounds are using the method known as

Answer 18

introspection.

Question 19

The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of

Answer 19

structuralism

Question 20

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to reject which of the following as appropriate for the study of psychology?

Answer 20

introspection