chapter 1

Question 1

A kind of thinking in which you question, analyze, interpret, evaluate and make a judgement about what you read.

Answer 1

Critical thinking

Question 2

The idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

Answer 2

Empiricism

Question 3

An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener, used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Answer 3

Struturalism

Question 4

The process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe ones own psychological processes

Answer 4

Introspection

Question 5

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2

Answer 5

Behaviorism

Question 6

A historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

Answer 6

Humanistic psychology

Question 7

The study of mental processes, such as occur when we perceive, learn, remember, and solve problems

Answer 7

Cognitive psychology

Question 8

An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Answer 8

Functionalism

Question 9

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Answer 9

Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 10

The science of behavior and mental processes

Answer 10

Psychology

Question 11

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Answer 11

Nature-nurture issue

Question 12

The principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Answer 12

Natural selection

Question 13

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

Answer 13

Evolutionary psychology

Question 14

The study of the relative power limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Answer 14

Behavior genetics

Question 15

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Answer 15

Culture

Question 16

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Answer 16

Positive psychology

Question 17

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychosocial, and social cultural view points.

Answer 17

Biopsychosocial approach

Question 18

The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

Answer 18

Behavioral psychology

Question 19

The scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neutral, hormonal) and psychological processes. (Some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists.)

Answer 19

Biological psychologists

Question 20

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

Answer 20

Psychodynamic Psychology

Question 21

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Answer 21

Social cultural psychology

Question 22

Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply reading, information. Also sometimes referred to as retrieval practice effort or test enhanced learning.

Answer 22

Testing effect

Question 23

A study method incorporating five steps; survey, question, read, retrieve, review

Answer 23

sq3r

Question 24

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Answer 24

psychometrics

Question 25

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Answer 25

Basic research

Question 26

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

Answer 26

Developmental psyhology

Question 27

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Answer 27

Educational psychology

Question 28

The study of individuals characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 28

Personality psychology

Question 29

The scientific study of how we think about influence, and relate to one another

Answer 29

Social psychology

Question 30

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Answer 30

Applied research

Question 31

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in work places

Answer 31

Industrial-organizational psychology

Question 32

A field of psychology allied with o/i psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Answer 32

Human factors psychology

Question 33

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well being

Answer 33

Counseling psychology

Question 34

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Answer 34

Clinical psychology

Question 35

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical (drug) treatments as well as psychological counseling

Answer 35

Psychiatry

Question 36

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Answer 36

Community psychology