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Medical Terminology for Health Professions > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Terminology

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-algia

A

pain, suffering

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2
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, or painful

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3
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal, cutting out

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4
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, increased

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5
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, decreased

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6
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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7
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition, disease

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8
Q

-ostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

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9
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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10
Q

-rrhage

A

bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

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11
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical suturing

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12
Q

-rrhea

A

flow or discharge

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13
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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14
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal hardening

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15
Q

The 4 types of word parts used to create many medical terms

A

word roots, combining forms, suffixes, & prefixes

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16
Q

Contains the basic meaning of a term usually, but not always, indicates the involved body part

A

word root

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17
Q

A word root with a combining vowel added at the end, used when 2 root words are combined or when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added.

A

combining form

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18
Q

When a combining form appears alone, how is it shown?

A

With a back slash between the word root & combining vowel (ex. gastr/o)

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19
Q

What letters are considered vowels in medical terminology?

A

a, e, i, o, u, & y

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20
Q

What must always be added to a word root to complete a term?

A

a suffix

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21
Q

What does the suffix usually indicate?

A

the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease

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22
Q

What does the prefix usually indicate?

A

location, time, number, or status

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23
Q

gastr-

A

stomach

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24
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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25
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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26
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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27
Q

melan/o

A

black

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28
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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29
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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30
Q

cyanosis

A

a blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

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31
Q

erythrocyte

A

a mature red blood cell

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32
Q

leukocyte

A

a white blood cell

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33
Q

melanosis

A

any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs

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34
Q

myel

A

spinal cord

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35
Q

poliomyelitis

A

a viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord

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36
Q

enter

A

small intestine

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37
Q

gastroenteritis

A

an inflammation of the stomach & small intestine

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38
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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39
Q

neuroplasty

A

the surgical repair of a nerve

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40
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

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41
Q

tonsill

A

tonsils

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42
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

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43
Q

tonsillectomy

A

the surgical removal of the tonsils

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44
Q

cranium

A

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

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45
Q

crani

A

skull

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46
Q

-um

A

noun ending

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47
Q

cardi

A

heart

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48
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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49
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

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50
Q

-a

A

noun ending

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51
Q

-e

A

noun ending

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52
Q

-us

A

noun ending

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53
Q

-y

A

noun ending

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54
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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55
Q

-an

A

pertaining to

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56
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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57
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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58
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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59
Q

-ical

A

pertaining to

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60
Q

-ial

A

pertaining to

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61
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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62
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

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63
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

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64
Q

-ory

A

pertaining to

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65
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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66
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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67
Q

gastrosis

A

any disease of the stomach

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68
Q

-ago

A

abnormal condition

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69
Q

-esis

A

abnormal condition

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70
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition

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71
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

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72
Q

-ion

A

abnormal condition

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73
Q

-ism

A

abnormal condition

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74
Q

pathology

A

the study of all aspects of diseases

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75
Q

path

A

disease

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76
Q

-ology

A

the study of

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77
Q

gastralagia

A

(stomachache) pain in stomach

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78
Q

-dynia

A

pain (not as common)

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79
Q

gastrodynia

A

pain in stomach

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80
Q

gastritis

A

an inflammation of the stomach

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81
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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82
Q

hepatomegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the liver

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83
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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84
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

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85
Q

arteriomalacia

A

the abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries

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86
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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87
Q

opposite of -sclerosis

A

-malacia

88
Q

-necrosis

A

tissue death

89
Q

arterionecrosis

A

the tissue death of an artery or ateries

90
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal hardening

91
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

the abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

92
Q

opposite of -malacia

A

-sclerosis

93
Q

-stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing

94
Q

arteriostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries

95
Q

-centesis

A

a surgical procedure to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid

96
Q

abdominocentesis

A

the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid

97
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

98
Q

-graphy

A

the process of producing a picture or record or the process of recording

99
Q

angiography

A

the process of producing a radiographic (xray) study of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make these blood vessels visible

100
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

101
Q

-gram

A

a picture or record

102
Q

angiogram

A

the resulting film that is produced by angiography

103
Q

my/o

A

muscle

104
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

105
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

106
Q

arthroscopy

A

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

107
Q

-rrhagia

A

bleeding (usually sudden, severe)

108
Q

hem/o

A

blood

109
Q

hemorrhage

A

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

110
Q

myorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing of a muscle wound

111
Q

dia-

A

through

112
Q

diarrhea

A

the frequent flow of loose or watery stools

113
Q

myorrhexis

A

the rupture of a muscle

114
Q

ab-

A

away from, negative, absent

115
Q

dextr/o

A

right side

116
Q

ex-

A

out of, outside, away from

117
Q

macro-

A

large, abnormal size, or long

118
Q

mega-, megal/o

A

large, great

119
Q

pre-

A

before

120
Q

ad-

A

toward, to, in the direction of

121
Q

sinistr/o

A

left side

122
Q

in-

A

in, into, not, without

123
Q

micr/o, micro

A

small

124
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

125
Q

post-

A

after, behind

126
Q

nat

A

birth

127
Q

prenatal

A

the time and events before birth

128
Q

perinatal

A

the time and events surrounding birth

129
Q

peri

A

surrounding

130
Q

postnatal

A

time and events after birth

131
Q

eu-

A

good, normal, well, or easy

132
Q

inter-

A

between or among

133
Q

intra-

A

within or inside

134
Q

sub-

A

under, less, or below

135
Q

super, supra-

A

above or excessive

136
Q

eupnea

A

easy or normal breathing

137
Q

interstitial

A

between, but not within, the parts of a tissue

138
Q

intramuscular

A

within the muscle

139
Q

subcostal

A

below a rib or ribs

140
Q

supracostral

A

above or outside the ribs

141
Q

opposite of dys-

A

eu-

142
Q

opposite of ad-

A

ab-

143
Q

opposite of hypo-

A

hyper-

144
Q

opposite of inter-

A

intra-

145
Q

opposite of sub-

A

super-, supra-

146
Q

-ology

A

the study of

147
Q

laryng

A

larynx or throat

148
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

149
Q

ot/o

A

ear

150
Q

otorhinolaryngology

A

the study of the ears, nose, and throat (ENT)

151
Q

otolaryngology

A

the study of the ears and larynx or throat

152
Q

lith

A

stone

153
Q

lithotomy

A

a surgical incision for the removal of a stone; or the name of an examination position in which the patient is lying on back with legs in stirrups

154
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body

155
Q

appendic

A

appendix

156
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

157
Q

phalanx

A

singular finger or toe bone

158
Q

phalanges

A

more than one finger or toe bones

159
Q

end-

A

within

160
Q

endarterial

A

pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery

161
Q

ather/o

A

plaque or fatty substance

162
Q

-oma

A

tumor

163
Q

atheroma

A

a fatty deposit within the wall of an artery

164
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in a joint or joints

165
Q

appendectomy

A

the surgical removal of the appendix

166
Q

col

A

colon

167
Q

colostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

168
Q

colotomy

A

a surgical incision into the colon

169
Q

sign

A

objective evidence of disease (ex. fever)

170
Q

diagnosis

A

the identification of a disease

171
Q

acute

A

a condition that has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration

172
Q

disease

A

a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally

173
Q

symptom

A

subjective evidence of a disease (ex. pain, headache)

174
Q

differential diagnosis

A

(aka r/o) is an attempt to determine which one of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present

175
Q

chronic

A

condition of long duration

176
Q

eponym

A

a disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first (ex Alzheimer’s disease)

177
Q

syndrome

A

a set of s/sx that occur together as part of a specific disease process

178
Q

prognosis

A

a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease

179
Q

remission

A

the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease w/o having achieved a cure

180
Q

acronym

A

a word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term

181
Q

fissure

A

a groove or crack-like sore of the skin (ex. corners of mouth)

182
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passage, usually b/w 2 internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body.

183
Q

ileum

A

the last and longest portion of the small intestine (think “e” for “entero” or intEstine.

184
Q

ilium

A

part of the hip bone

185
Q

infection

A

the invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism

186
Q

malaise

A

a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness

187
Q

exudate

A

a fluid the leaks out of an infected wound

188
Q

inflammation

A

localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues

189
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound or accidental cut

190
Q

lesion

A

a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

191
Q

mucous

A

the specialized membranes that line the body cavities

192
Q

mucus

A

the fluid secreted by mucous membranes

193
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

194
Q

mycosis

A

any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

195
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow or spinal cord

196
Q

-pathy

A

disease

197
Q

myelopathy

A

any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord

198
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

199
Q

-ology

A

the study of

200
Q

dermat

A

skin

201
Q

neo

A

new

202
Q

palpation

A

an examination technique where examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

203
Q

palpitation

A

a pounding or racing heart

204
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

205
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

206
Q

py/o

A

pus

207
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

208
Q

pyr/o

A

fever or fire

209
Q

pyrosis

A

aka heartburn

210
Q

supination

A

the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward (“soup nation’)

211
Q

suppuration

A

the formation of discharge or pus

212
Q

triage

A

the medical screening of patients to determine their priority of need and proper placement of treatment

213
Q

trauma

A

wound or injury

214
Q

vir

A

virus or poison

215
Q

viral

A

pertaining to a virus

216
Q

virile

A

having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male

Medical Terminology for Health Professions (9 decks)

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