Ch.9 The Urinary System Flashcards
Function of the kidneys
Filter the blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations, and remove excess water to maintain the fluid volume within the body
Function of the renal pelvis
Collects urine produced by the kidneys
Urine function
Liquid waste products to be excreted
Function of ureters
Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Function of the urethra.
Transports urine from the bladder through the urethral meatus, where it is excreted.
Function of the prostrate.
Gland of male reproductive system that surrounds the male urethra.
nephr/o, ren/o
kidneys
ur/o, urin/o
urine
ureter/o
urethra
prostat/o
prostate
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
cyst/o
urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
dia-
through, between, apart, complete
-ectasis
stretching, dilation, enlargement
glomerul/o
glomerulus
lith/o
stone,calculus
-lysis
breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening
-pexy
surgical fixation
pyel/o
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
-tripsy
to crush
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
Homeostasis
the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
home/o
constant
-stasis
control
The major waste product of protein metabolism
Urea
What the kidneys excrete by converting the body’s waste products and excess fluids
urine
6 parts of urinary system
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra
Renal
pertaining to the kidneys
Renal cortex
the outer region of the kidney
medulla
inner region of the kidney containing most of the urine-collecting tubules
The microscopic functional unit of each kidney
nephrons
Where is urine produced?
nephrons
Glomerulus
cluster of capillaries in each nephron
Renal tubule
small tube in each nephron
Where does blood enter the kidney through and where does it flow to?
The renal artery; the nephrons
How does filtered blood return to the bloodstream?
the renal vein
Funnel-shaped area inside each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla where the newly formed urine from the nephrons collects before it flows into the ureters.
renal pelvis
tubes that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder with the help of peristalsis
ureters
Urine drains from the ureters into the bladder through _____ in the wall of the urinary bladder.
ureteral orifices
An oval, hollow, muscular organ that is a reservoir for urrine before it is excreted from the body
urinary bladder
The tube extending from the bladder to the exterior of the body
urethra
The external opening of the urethra
urethral meatus
female urethra
1.5 inches long; transports only urine, meatus b/w clitoris and vaginal opening
male urethra
8 inches long; transports urine & semen; meatus at tip o penis
prostate gland
part of the male reproductive system that surrounds the urethra
Urination
(aka voiding or micturation) the normal process of excreting urine; As the bladder fills up w/urine, pressure is placed on the base of the urethra, resulting in the urge to urinate
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
nephrologist
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system
urologist
Any dz of the kidney
nephropathy
Renal failure
the inability of 1 or both of the kidneys to perform the functions as a result of too many nephrons being destroyed
An elevation of the blood urea nitrogen caused by lack of blood flow to each kidney
Azotemia
A toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney fx is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood
Uremia
Sudden onset condition characterized by uremia that can be caused by dehydration or drop in blood volume or pressure
Acute renal failure
The progressive loss of renal function which may result from DM, HTN, family hx
Chronic Kidney Disease
The final stage in kidney dz where it is fatal unless replaced by dialysis or transplant
End-stage renal disease
A group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in urine d/t damage to glomeruli
Nephrotic syndrome
Excessive fluid accumulation
edema
the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hyperproteinuria
the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
hypoproteinemia
The swelling of one or both kidneys
hydronephrosis
an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
nephritis
A type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes RBCs and proteins to leak into the urine
Glomerulonephritis
AKA “floating kidney”, is the prolapse, or dropping down of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands
Nephroptosis
-ptosis
droop or sag
AKA “pyonephrosis”, is the formation or discharge of pus of the kidney
Nephropyosis
py
pus