Ch.9 The Urinary System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Function of the kidneys

A

Filter the blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations, and remove excess water to maintain the fluid volume within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the renal pelvis

A

Collects urine produced by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Urine function

A

Liquid waste products to be excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of ureters

A

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of the urethra.

A

Transports urine from the bladder through the urethral meatus, where it is excreted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the prostrate.

A

Gland of male reproductive system that surrounds the male urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ureter/o

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dia-

A

through, between, apart, complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching, dilation, enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lith/o

A

stone,calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Homeostasis

A

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

home/o

A

constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-stasis

A

control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The major waste product of protein metabolism

A

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What the kidneys excrete by converting the body’s waste products and excess fluids

A

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

6 parts of urinary system

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Renal

A

pertaining to the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Renal cortex

A

the outer region of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

medulla

A

inner region of the kidney containing most of the urine-collecting tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The microscopic functional unit of each kidney

A

nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where is urine produced?

A

nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries in each nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Renal tubule

A

small tube in each nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where does blood enter the kidney through and where does it flow to?

A

The renal artery; the nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How does filtered blood return to the bloodstream?

A

the renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Funnel-shaped area inside each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla where the newly formed urine from the nephrons collects before it flows into the ureters.

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

tubes that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder with the help of peristalsis

A

ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Urine drains from the ureters into the bladder through _____ in the wall of the urinary bladder.

A

ureteral orifices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

An oval, hollow, muscular organ that is a reservoir for urrine before it is excreted from the body

A

urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The tube extending from the bladder to the exterior of the body

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The external opening of the urethra

A

urethral meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

female urethra

A

1.5 inches long; transports only urine, meatus b/w clitoris and vaginal opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

male urethra

A

8 inches long; transports urine & semen; meatus at tip o penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

prostate gland

A

part of the male reproductive system that surrounds the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Urination

A

(aka voiding or micturation) the normal process of excreting urine; As the bladder fills up w/urine, pressure is placed on the base of the urethra, resulting in the urge to urinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

A

nephrologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system

A

urologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Any dz of the kidney

A

nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Renal failure

A

the inability of 1 or both of the kidneys to perform the functions as a result of too many nephrons being destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

An elevation of the blood urea nitrogen caused by lack of blood flow to each kidney

A

Azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

A toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney fx is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

A

Uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Sudden onset condition characterized by uremia that can be caused by dehydration or drop in blood volume or pressure

A

Acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

The progressive loss of renal function which may result from DM, HTN, family hx

A

Chronic Kidney Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

The final stage in kidney dz where it is fatal unless replaced by dialysis or transplant

A

End-stage renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

A group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in urine d/t damage to glomeruli

A

Nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Excessive fluid accumulation

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

A

hyperproteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

A

hypoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

The swelling of one or both kidneys

A

hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

A type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes RBCs and proteins to leak into the urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

AKA “floating kidney”, is the prolapse, or dropping down of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands

A

Nephroptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

-ptosis

A

droop or sag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

AKA “pyonephrosis”, is the formation or discharge of pus of the kidney

A

Nephropyosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

py

A

pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

A genetic d/o characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

A

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

70
Q

An Acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith (kidney stone)

A

Renal colic

71
Q

colic

A

spasms of pain in the abdomen

72
Q

Wilms tumor

A

a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

73
Q

An abnormal mineral deposit

A

stone (aka calculus)

74
Q

The presence of stones in the kidney

A

nephrolithiasis

75
Q

Name of stone found in kidney

A

nephrolith (aka kidney stone or renal calculus)

76
Q

Stone located anywhere along the ureter

A

ureterolith

77
Q

A stone located within the urinary bladder

A

cystolith

78
Q

The distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

A

hydroureter

79
Q

The distention of a ureter d/t hydroureter or congenital abnormalities

A

Ureterectasis

80
Q

The discharge of blood from the ureter

A

Ureterorrhagia

81
Q

Pain in the bladder

A

Cystalgia

82
Q

-ectasis

A

enlargement

83
Q

A hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

A

cystocele

84
Q

-cele

A

hernia

85
Q

Chronic inflammation w/in the walls of the bladder

A

Interstitial cystitits

86
Q

The backward flow of urine into the ureters from the bladder

A

vesicoureteral reflux

87
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

88
Q

An abnormal opening b/w the bladder and the vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

A

vesicovaginal fistula

89
Q

A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

A

neurogenic bladder

90
Q

Any disease or damage to a nerve

A

Neuropathy

91
Q

An enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over 50 making urination difficult

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

92
Q

Hyperplasia

A

an increase in cell numbers typically associated with tumor growth

93
Q

A disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Prostatism

94
Q

One of the most common cancers among men

A

Prostate cancer

95
Q

A group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of the prostate gland

A

prostatitis

96
Q

Bleeding from the urethra

A

urethrorrhagia

97
Q

An abnormal discharge from the urethra that can be associated with stds

A

urethrorrhea

98
Q

Narrowing of the urethra

A

urethrostenosis

99
Q

A congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where males is on the upper surface of penis and females is in the clit region

A

epispadias

100
Q

A congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where males is on underside of penis and females opens into vagina

A

Hypospadias

101
Q

Infection of urinary system caused by bacteria, most often E. Coli, entering the urinary system through the urethra

A

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

102
Q

An inflammation of the bladder

A

cystitis

103
Q

An inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney

A

pyelonephritis

104
Q

An inflammation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

105
Q

The absence of urine formation by the kidneys

A

Anuria

106
Q

The increased output of urine

A

diuresis

107
Q

Difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

108
Q

The involuntary discharge of urine

A

enuresis

109
Q

en-

A

into

110
Q

-uria, -uresis

A

urination

111
Q

Urinary incontinence during sleep

A

nocturnal enuresis

112
Q

Frequent and excessive urination during the night

A

nocturia

113
Q

Scanty urination

A

Oliguria

114
Q

Excessive urination

A

Polyuria

115
Q

Difficulty in starting a urinary stream

A

Urinary hesitancy

116
Q

The inability to completely empty the bladder when attempting to urinate.

A

Urinary retention (aka ischuria)

117
Q

The inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both

A

Incontinence

118
Q

The inability to control the voiding of urine

A

Urinary incontinence

119
Q

Continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely.

A

Overflow incontinence

120
Q

The inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, lifting, sneezing, laughing, or coughing.

A

Stress incontinence

121
Q

Occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not actually full enough to indicate the need to urinate.

A

Overactive bladder

122
Q

The examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

A

urinalysis

123
Q

-alysis

A

a study of the parts

124
Q

The use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to look for stones or elevation of the bladder by an enlarged prostate and to measure the residual amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination.

A

bladder ultrasound

125
Q

The insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes or to drain urine from bladder, or to place meds into bladder

A

Urinary catheterization

126
Q

The visual examination of the bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope known as a cystoscope

A

Cystoscopy

127
Q

A diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

A

Voiding cystourethrography

128
Q

Used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system which provides additional imaging of the abdomen

A

Computed tomography

129
Q

A blood test to check how well the kidneys are functioning at filtering blood.

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

130
Q

A radiographic, or xray, examination of the bladder after a contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter

A

Cystography

131
Q

A radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters

A

Intravenous pyelography

132
Q

A radiographic study without the use of a contrast medium

A

KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder- but doesn’t show the ureters) aka flat-plate of the abdomen

133
Q

A radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

A

Retrograde urography

134
Q

Performed on men by using a lubricated, gloved finger placed in the rectum to palpate the prostate gland to detect prostate enlargement

A

digital rectal examination

135
Q

Blood test used to screen for prostate cancer

A

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test

136
Q

Medications administered to increase urine secretion

A

diuretics

137
Q

A procedure to remove waste products (urea, creatinine, and excess water) from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

A

Dialysis

138
Q

The process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

A

Hemodialysis

139
Q

Treatment where the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

A

peritoneal dialysis

140
Q

The surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

A

nephrolysis

141
Q

-lysis

A

setting free

142
Q

The surgical fixation of nephroptosis, or a floating kidney

A

nephropexy

143
Q

The placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

A

nephrostomy

144
Q

A surgical incision into the renal pelvis

A

pyelotomy

145
Q

The grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient’s failed kidneys.

A

Renal transplantation

146
Q

Kidney stone treatment where high energy ultrasonic waves travel through water or gel to break stone into fragments

A

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

147
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

148
Q

The surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back

A

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

149
Q

The surgical removal of a ureter

A

ureterectomy

150
Q

The surgical suturing of a ureter

A

ureterorrhaphy

151
Q

A treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter where a ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureter

A

ureteroscopy

152
Q

The surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

A

cystectomy

153
Q

The use of a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen

A

ileal conduit

154
Q

ile

A

ileum or small intestine

155
Q

The surgical fixationof the bladder to the abdominal wall

A

cystopexy

156
Q

The surgical suturing of a wound or defect in the bladder

A

cystorrhaphy

157
Q

A surgical incision for the removal of a nephrolith from the bladder

A

lithotomy

158
Q

Performed to withdraw urine

A

urinary catheterization

159
Q

type of catheter that remains inside the body for a prolonged period of time based on need

A

indwelling catheter

160
Q

Performed by inserting a catheter/tube through the urethra and into the bladder

A

urethral catheterization

161
Q

The placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

A

suprapubic catheterization

162
Q

The most common type of indwelling catheter. Has flexible tube with a balloon filled with sterile water at the end to hold it in place.

A

Foley catheter

163
Q

Short-term catheter

A

intermittent catheter

164
Q

A surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening

A

meatotomy

165
Q

The surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra

A

urethroplasty

166
Q

A surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

A

urethrotomy

167
Q

Prostate cancer tx involving the removal of a body part or destruction of its function through use of surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery

A

Ablation

168
Q

The surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland

A

prostatectomy

169
Q

The removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope

A

transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

170
Q

When an orgasm results in semen flowing backward into the bladder

A

Retrograde ejaculation

171
Q

Series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor

A

Kegel exercises

172
Q

A behavioral therapy in which the patient learns to urinate on a schedule, with increasingly longer time intervals as the bladder increases its capacity.

A

Bladder retraining