Chapter 1 Flashcards
The practice of oral communication
rhetoric
the ability to speak well and persuade audiences
civic engagement
acting upon a sharp awareness of one’s own sense of responsibility to his or her community
ethos
the credibility of the speaker
logos
the logical dimension of the appeal
pathos
the emotional dimensions of the appeal that can influence an audience’s disposition toward the topic, speaker, or occasion
artistic proof
constructed by the speaker for the occasion; concerns ethos, pathos, and logos
inartistic proof
all the evidence, data, and documents that exist outside of the speaker and the audience, but nevertheless can aid in persuasion
rhetors
speakers
clarity
the ability of speakers to clearly articulate what they wish to say
correctness
the accuracy of information presented and the honest representation of the speaker
propriety
good behavior and faithfulness to what one considers moral and just
general purpose
the primary aim that the speaker tried to achieve in the communication, apart from her or his specific topic
specific purpose
the general purpose combined with the particular topic that the speaker wishes to address
invention
the first canon of rhetoric in you choose the best possible arguments for your case
arrangement
the second canon of rhetoric in which you determine the most effective way to organize your case for the topic and the auience
style
the third canon of rhetoric; involves word choice, phrasing, and the level of formality in the language you use to present your case to the audience
delivery
the fourth canon of rhetoric; the manner in which you physically and vocally present the speech
memory
the fifth canon of rhetoric; refers to one’s ability to recall names and important information in the middle of a speech as well as to deliver a cogent speech without notes
discourse
communication of thought by words; conversation; a stream of talk flowing through society, through which members negotiate social reality
discursive field
a space where many different discourses converge, intersect, flow together, and even move against each other
public speaking
speaking where communication moves typically from one speaker to an audience of many
dyadic communication
a one-to-one conversation in which participants share responsibility and ownership for the interaction in a manner that is more equal than in a speech
dialog
an interaction in which people with different perspectives seek to understand each others views; speaking so others want to listen and listening so that others want to speak
Sophists
itinerant teachers who traveled from city-state to city-state in classical Greece, training people in public speaking
integrity
a quality of discerning and acting on one’s ethical principles
virtues
personal qualities that manifest moral excellence and make one capable of performing noble deeds
demagoguery
speech that attempts to win over an audience through appealing to their prejudices and emotions, particularly those of fear, anger, and frustration
profanity
course and irreverent language
hate speech
rude and crude speech that attacks or demeans a particular social or ethnic group many times with the intent of inciting action against that group
dehumanization
making people seem less than human in order to more easily motivate action against them
god / devil terms
loaded words imbued generally in society with positive and negative connotations that can affect the meaning of a message
