Chapter 1

Question 1

rhetoric

Answer 1

the ability to speak well and persuade audiences

Question 2

civic engagement

Answer 2

acting upon a sharp awareness of one’s own sense of responsibility to his or her community

Question 3

ethos

Answer 3

the credibility of the speaker

Question 4

logos

Answer 4

the logical dimension of the appeal

Question 5

pathos

Answer 5

the emotional dimensions of the appeal that can influence an audience’s disposition toward the topic, speaker, or occasion

Question 6

artistic proof

Answer 6

constructed by the speaker for the occasion; concerns ethos, pathos, and logos

Question 7

inartistic proof

Answer 7

all the evidence, data, and documents that exist outside of the speaker and the audience, but nevertheless can aid in persuasion

Question 8

rhetors

Answer 8

speakers

Question 9

clarity

Answer 9

the ability of speakers to clearly articulate what they wish to say

Question 10

correctness

Answer 10

the accuracy of information presented and the honest representation of the speaker

Question 11

propriety

Answer 11

good behavior and faithfulness to what one considers moral and just

Question 12

general purpose

Answer 12

the primary aim that the speaker tried to achieve in the communication, apart from her or his specific topic

Question 13

specific purpose

Answer 13

the general purpose combined with the particular topic that the speaker wishes to address

Question 14

invention

Answer 14

the first canon of rhetoric in you choose the best possible arguments for your case

Question 15

arrangement

Answer 15

the second canon of rhetoric in which you determine the most effective way to organize your case for the topic and the auience

Question 16

style

Answer 16

the third canon of rhetoric; involves word choice, phrasing, and the level of formality in the language you use to present your case to the audience

Question 17

delivery

Answer 17

the fourth canon of rhetoric; the manner in which you physically and vocally present the speech

Question 18

memory

Answer 18

the fifth canon of rhetoric; refers to one’s ability to recall names and important information in the middle of a speech as well as to deliver a cogent speech without notes

Question 19

discourse

Answer 19

communication of thought by words; conversation; a stream of talk flowing through society, through which members negotiate social reality

Question 20

discursive field

Answer 20

a space where many different discourses converge, intersect, flow together, and even move against each other

Question 21

public speaking

Answer 21

speaking where communication moves typically from one speaker to an audience of many

Question 22

dyadic communication

Answer 22

a one-to-one conversation in which participants share responsibility and ownership for the interaction in a manner that is more equal than in a speech

Question 23

dialog

Answer 23

an interaction in which people with different perspectives seek to understand each others views; speaking so others want to listen and listening so that others want to speak

Question 24

Sophists

Answer 24

itinerant teachers who traveled from city-state to city-state in classical Greece, training people in public speaking

Question 25

integrity

Answer 25

a quality of discerning and acting on one’s ethical principles

Question 26

virtues

Answer 26

personal qualities that manifest moral excellence and make one capable of performing noble deeds

Question 27

demagoguery

Answer 27

speech that attempts to win over an audience through appealing to their prejudices and emotions, particularly those of fear, anger, and frustration

Question 28

profanity

Answer 28

course and irreverent language

Question 29

hate speech

Answer 29

rude and crude speech that attacks or demeans a particular social or ethnic group many times with the intent of inciting action against that group

Question 30

dehumanization

Answer 30

making people seem less than human in order to more easily motivate action against them

Question 31

god / devil terms

Answer 31

loaded words imbued generally in society with positive and negative connotations that can affect the meaning of a message