Chapter 1 Flashcards
In what year did President Nixon end the draft in favor of an all volunteer military
1973
By 1975 the AF combat training, now more realist and dangerous, had evolved into Red Flag T/F
True
Name the highly accomplished innovative genius who founded Red Flag
Col Richard “Moody” Sutter
List two post Vietnam technological improvements and the aircraft that exemplified them
- Highly maneuverable dogfighting aircraft armed with missiles and cannon (F-15 and F-16)
- Detection Avoidance (F-117)
What drove the AF to develop stealth technology such as special paints materials and designs to reduce or eliminate ACFT radar, thermal an electronic signatures
The danger posed by radar guided antiaircraft artillery and surface to air missiles in Vietnam
Precision technologies changed AF doctrine from its focus on strategic bombing to ____ bombing with no collateral damage
Pinpoint
Why did the AF and army update the air land battle tactical doctrine published in filed manual 100-5
To overcome numerically superior Warsaw Pact Forces
Which acft was procured to make deep air attacks on enemy armies to isolate them on the battlefield conduct battlefield air interdiction to prevent enemy reinforcements from reaching the front, disrupt the movement of secondary forces to the front and provide CAS to army ground forces
The A-10 Thunderbolt II
What operation in April 1980 led to disaster at the Desert One refueling site
Operation Rice Bowl (Subsequent inquires led to a reorganization and revitalization of US special Operations Forces)
In what decade did the AF test new ideas and technologies in crisis support missions
the 1980s
US forces rescued American students and restored order to Grenada in October 1983, during operation Urgent Fury. What problems were discovered during the operation
Problems with command, control, planning and intra service and intera service coordination
In April 1986 President Reagan mobilized England based F11s to strike Libya during operation ____ exposing ongoing target identification and intelligence difficulties, punctuated by inaccurate bombing
Operation Eldorado Canyon
Operation just Cause in 1989 tested air operations in panama. What Aircraft debuted during the operations
The F-117 Nighthawk
Whose flexible response nuclear war doctrine of the early 1960s lacked the technology to match its vision of adapting to meet cold war crises
President Kennedys
Technological improvements led to the DoD developing multiple independently traceable reentry vehicles in the early 1970s. This allowed three or more warheads to be mounted on each ICBM and submarine launched ballistic missile T/F
True
Which doctrine was based on the theory that super power strategic nuclear forces could be sized and projected to survive a nuclear attack and retaliate with sufficient force to destroy the enemy
The doctrine of mutually assured destruction (It provided deterrent insurance, as no rational leader would start a nuclear war with such results)
What was the Missile Defense Alarm System
The first attempt at a space based, long range missile attack detection and warning system
After Vietnam, Us and ____ spending for weapons and related systems escalated into what appeared to be an unlimited strategic arms race
Soviet
What treaty was signed on 26 May 1972 limiting the US and USSR to two Anti Ballistic Missile sites each
The anti Ballistic Missile Treaty
What treaty limited the number of nuclear weapons held by the US and USSR, with the objective of freezing numerical growth and destabilizing characteristic of each sides strategic nuclear forces
The strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Post Vietnam, what type of technological advances significantly enhanced weather and communications support
Satellite advances
What was the defense satellite applications program
A dedicated military weather satellite system
Increased defense spending in the early 1980s resulted in more mature ____ and ____ programs, most of wich are still in service, to replace the systems of the 1960s and 1970s
Space and missile
In the early 1980s the AF developed ____ infrastructure and launch support bases necessary to get satellites into space
Ground Based
The formation of AF space Command was announced on 21 June 1984 and signified a substantial reorganization of the AF space systems T/F
False (the announcement was in 1982)
Which US president proposed replacing the doctrine of mutually assured destruction with one of assured survival by implementing the Strategic defense Initiative to intercept ICBMS
President Ronald Reagan
In March 1985, who initiated major changes in Soviet American Relations
Soviet Communist Party General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev
In December 1987, what did the intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty eliminate
Medium Range nuclear missiles, including US AF ground launched cruise missiles
What event led to the reunification to Germany in October 1990
The opening of Berlin Wall
What August 1991 event led to the dissolution of the soviet Union
The coup against Soviet Communist Party General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, led by Boris Yeltsin
List four ways in which US nuclear strategy changed significantly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union
- Signed Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
- Signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II
- Removed Heavy bombers from alert status
- Inactivated Strategic Air Command
What command replace strategic Air Command and assumed control of all remaining AF and Navy strategic Nuclear forces
US Strategic Command
On 2 August 1990, which Iraqi dictator ordered troops to invade oil rich Kuwait, leading to international condemnation, a UN economic embargo and Operation Desert Shield
Saddam Hussein
Which US president announced Operation Desert Shield on 6 August 1990
President George H. W. Bush
In what year did Military airlift command cargo planes deliver defensive forces and counteroffensive material to defend Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf states as part of Operation Desert Shield
1990 and 1991
The Berlin Airlift was larger than Operation Desert Shield T/F
False (Operation Desert Shield eclipse the Berlin Airlift as the greatest air Deployment in history)
Which aircraft were validated as large capacity heavy lifters during Operation Desert Shield
The C-5A Galaxy and C-141 Star lifter
Which war represented the first extensive, broad based employment of space support capabilities
The Gulf War
On what date did three air force special operations MH-53J Pave Low helicopters lead nine army apaches on the first strike mission of operation desert storm
17 January 1991
The first week of operation Desert Storm focused on achieving ____ and destroying the enemy’s command and control system
Air supremacy
After achieving air supremacy, the air campaign of Operation Desert Storm prepared the battlefield by isolating Iraqi ground units, interdicting supplies and reducing enemy combat power T. F
Trued
Which aircraft introduced the term tank plinking as they destroyed enemy armored forces during operation Desert Storm
A-10 Thunderbolt and F15Es
Name on aspect of operation Desert Storm that was not successful
The Great Scud hunt, which targeted modified soviet scud missiles being launched by Iraq, did not destroy a significant number of the missiles
The desert storm air campaign demonstrated air powers impact on conventional battlefield T/F
True
Which war in 1991 highlighted the impact of precision guided munitions on modern warfare and force enhancement capabilities of space based communication, inelegance, navigation, missile warning and weather satellites
The Persian Gulf War
As stated by the Gulf War Air Power Survey, what was effective in breaking apart the organizational structure and cohesion of enemy military forces and in reaching the mind of the Iraqi soldier during the Gulf War
The Air Campaign
In 1992, the UN led relive efforts in ___, where a two year civil war had contributed to sever famine
Somalia
The US initiated Operation ____ in Somalia in August 1992, but civil war and clan fighting prevented many relief supplies from reaching those who needed them
Operation Provide Relief
In September 1992, why did Operation Impressive Lift airlift hundreds of Pakistani soldiers into Somalia under the UN banner
Relief supplies were not reaching famine victims the operation was an attempt to alleviate this problem and provide additional security
On 4 Dec 1992, president George H. W. Bush authorized Operation Restore Hope to restore order to the country, rushing in supplies and US troops. What happened after the operation ended on 4 May 1993
The relief effort unraveled again
On 3 October 1993, a US UH-60 helicopter was downed in the streets of Mogadishu, Somalia. Who earned the AF Cross for treating and evacuating causalities
TSgt Timothy A. Wilkinson
Why did Operation Restore Hope KK airlift US troops and cargo into Mogadishu between 5 and 13 October 1993
In order to stabilize the situation in Somalia after the losses and sustained on 3 and 4 October
Which US President promised to remove US troops from Somalia by March 1994.
President Clinton. (Operation Restore Hope II officially ended 25 March 1994)
_____ has evolved from an ineffective oddity to the worlds dominant form of military might, its applications and effectiveness increasing with each succeeding conflict
Airpower
Who achieved the first powered, sustained, controlled, heavier-than-air airplane flight in 1903
The Wright Brothers
The wright brothers 1903 flyer design was built with a relatively lightweight gasoline engine and revolutionary, highly efficient ____
Propellers
On 17 December 1903 , the Wright brothers successfully flew how many manned missions at kitty hawk NC
Four
Who is considered the father of flying
Orville Wright
Colonel William Billy Mitchel was an airpower visionary who called for an air force independent of the US army and claimed airplanes could sink battle ships T/F
True
