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Sociology 1020 > Chapter 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-2 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Sociology?

A

The systematic study of human behavior in a social context

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2
Q

Who is C. Wright Mills

A

Came up with the idea that sociology allows us to grasp the interplay between people and society (her bf). Laid foundation for modern conflict theory.

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3
Q

What does it mean to have a sociological imagination?

A

To have the ability to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures

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4
Q

How long did the Scientific revolution last?

A

1550-1700’s

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5
Q

What was the basis of the revolution?

A

Belief that thinkers should use evidence rather then speculation to draw conclusions

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6
Q

What came from the revolution?

A

The scientific method: using evidence to test theory.

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7
Q

How was life understood before the scientific revolution?

A

Supernatural terms/paganism

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8
Q

When did the enlightenment of the 17th century occur?

A

1700-1800 (approx)

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9
Q

What was the 17th-century enlightenment?

A

The 100-year period when the rise of science/religion clashed, sometimes violently

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10
Q

What is the latter part of the revolution referred to as?

A

Democratic revolution (1750-1800)

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11
Q

What was the Democratic revolution about?

A

Breaking away from believing God shaped social order

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12
Q

When did the industrial revolution occur?

A

1780-1840

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13
Q

What did we see come from the industrial revolution?

A

The societal shift that saw people moving from European living to factory work life, created social classes.

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14
Q

Who is the father of Sociology?

A

Auguste Comte (coined the term sociology in 1838)

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15
Q

What did Auguste Comte originate?

A

Positivism

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16
Q

What is Positivism?

A

Study of society that relies specifically on empirical scientific evidence, such as controlled experiments and statistics

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17
Q

Who is Herbert Spencer?

A

(1820-1903) - second father of Sociology

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18
Q

What was Herbert heavily influenced by?

A

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution

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19
Q

What did Herbert develop?

A

Social Darwinism

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20
Q

Who are the 3 historical giants of sociology?

A

Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx

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21
Q

Who is Emile Durkheim?

A

(1858-1917) - Founding father of Functionalism

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22
Q

Who is Max Weber?

A

(1864-1920) - Founding father of Symbolic Interactionalism

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23
Q

Who is Karl Marx?

A

(1818-1883) - Founding Father of Conflict theory

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24
Q

What are theories?

A

Are explanations of some aspect of social life that states how and why certain facts are related.

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25
Q

What is research?

A

It is the process of systematically observing reality to assess the validity of a theory

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26
Q

What are values?

A

Ideas about what is good and bad, right and wrong

27
Q

What are Micro Social Structures?

A

patterns of close social relations formed during face-to-face interaction (Weber)

28
Q

What are Macro Social Structures?

A

Are the overarching patterns of social relations that lie outside and above a person’s intimates and acquaintances (Durkheim)

29
Q

What are Global Social Structures?

A

Patterns of social relations that lie outside of and above the national level (Marx)

30
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

Original social science

31
Q

What do functionalists believe?

A

Believes social structures govern human behaviour/Sees society as a working machine.

32
Q

What are social structures based off of?

A

Are based mainly on shared values and most social problems can be solved by re-establishing equilibrium

33
Q

Who is Talcott Parsons?

A

(1902-1972) - foremost North American proponent of Functionalism

34
Q

Who is Robert Merton?

A

(1910-2003) - Proposed social structure might have different consequences for different groups. Society structures can have both manifest/latent functions

35
Q

What are Manifest Functions?

A

clear, intended effects of social structures

36
Q

What are Latent Functions?

A

unintended effects of social structures

37
Q

What is Emile Durkheim’s theory of suicide?

A

Looked closer at social forces rather than personal psyche for their actions

38
Q

Who are the three main functionalists?

A

Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, Robert Merton

39
Q

What is Symbolic Interactionalism?

A

believes people create their own social reality

40
Q

What is the method of Verstehen?

A

Importance of empathetically understanding people’s motives/meanings they attach to things in order to gain a clear sense of their actions/behaviors.

41
Q

Who is George Herbert Mead?

A

Credited with developing symbolic interactionalism, went to Chicago school of Sociology

42
Q

What is Reflexivity?

A

Developed by Mead, we learn who we are by taking the role of others as we interact with them, and by seeing ourselves as they see us

43
Q

Who is Erving Goffman?

A

One of the most celebrated micro-sociologists to have ever lived/ went to Chicago school of sociology

44
Q

What model did Goffman develop?

A

Dramaturgical model - saw social life as a performance in a theatre

45
Q

What is Social constructionism?

A

Argues that apparently natural or innate features of life are often sustained by social processes that vary historically and culturally

46
Q

What is queer theory?

A

goes even further than social constructionism by denying the very existence of stable identities.

47
Q

Who are the 3 main symbolic interactionalists?

A

Max weber, George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman

48
Q

What is conflict theory?

A

How major patterns of inequality in society produce social stability in some circumstances and social change in others/

49
Q

What does Conflict theory emphasize?

A

How privileged groups maintain their power and advantage on the backs of subordinate groups via exploitation. (Class Conflict)

50
Q

Who wrote “the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism”

A

Max Weber

51
Q

What is the Protestant ethic?

A

the belief that religious doubts can be reduced, and a state of grace ensured if people work diligently and live simply

52
Q

Who is Antonio Gramsci?

A

1891-1937 - Italian/Marxist/Philosopher, created cultural hegemony

53
Q

What is cultural hegemony?

A

refers to the control of culture/people by the dominant group through the use of ideas and values vs. violence/force that become universally excepted as common knowledge/sense.

54
Q

Who is Michel Foucault?

A

1926-1984 - French thinker, was part of a movement called Post Structuralism

55
Q

Who are the four main conflict theorists?

A

C. Wright Mills, Karl Marx, Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault

56
Q

What is Feminist theory?

A

The political movement of people and ideas raised issues that had never before been considered in the male-dominated field of sociology

57
Q

Who is Harriet Martineau?

A

Mother of sociology

58
Q

Who is Jane Adams?

A

1860-1935 - Hull house, received the Nobel peace prize in 1931

59
Q

Who were the two main feminist theorists?

A

Harriet Martineau and Jane Addams

60
Q

What is the Post-industrial revolution?

A

Refers to the technology, driven shift from manufacturing to service industries and the consequences of that shift for virtually all human activities.

61
Q

What is Globalization?

A

The process by which separate economies, states, and cultures become tied together/people become increasingly aware of their growing independence

62
Q

What are Quantitative research methods?

A

include surveys, measuring variables, generating statistics, controlled experiments, etc.

63
Q

What are Qualitative research methods?

A

include in-depth interviews, ethnographies, case studies, narratives, and content analysis. Formulate theories from the ground up.

Sociology 1020 (16 decks)

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