Chapter 06: Adjectives, adverbs and comparisons Flashcards
-My- watch is not working.
-Mi- reloj no funciona.
An example of a possessive adjective.
-This- rose has a strong fragrance.
-Esta- rosa tiene un perfume fuerte.
An example of a demonstrative adjective.
Don’t you want that -big-, -inexpensive- bag?
¿No quieres ese bolso -grande- y -barato-?
Two adjectives which complement the noun.
I want a -German- car.
Quiero un auto -alemán-.
This adjective makes the noun more precise.
Give four forms each of “bueno” (good), “perezoso” (lazy) and “precioso” (precious).
bueno, buena, buenos, buenas
perezoso, perezosa, perezosos, perezosas
precioso, preciosa, preciosos, preciosas.
Adjectives agree in gender with the noun or pronoun they modify. Adjectives that end in -o have four forms, ms, fs, mp, fp.
This -black- shirt is from Italy.
Esta camisa -negra- es de Italia.
The -red- shoes are from Spain.
Los zapatos -rojos- son de España.
Give two forms each of “débil” (weak) and “perseverante” (perseverant).
débil, débiles
perseverante, perseverantes
Adjectives that don’t end in -o often have only two forms - a singular and a plural. Each form agrees with both genders. Plural formation follows the same rules as for nouns.
a -pleasant- personality
una personalidad -agradable-
an -interesting- story
un cuento -interesante-
-popular- movies
películas -populares-
-French- wine and -French- pastries
un vino -francés- y pasteles -franceses-.
a -fast- car and some -fast- boats
un auto -veloz- y unos botes -veloces-
pleasant
agradable (m/f)
blue
azul (m/f)
red (with a c)
carmesí (m/f)
difficult
difícil (m/f)
easy
fácil (m/f)
fatal
fatal (m/f)
happy (with f)
feliz (m/f)
strong
fuerte (m/f)
gray
gris (m/f)
inferior
inferior (m/f)
intersting
interesante (m/f)
mediocre
mediocre (m/f)
natural
natural (m/f)
optimistic
optimista (m/f)
pessimistic
pesimista (m/f)
realistic
realista (m/f)
sad, unhappy
triste (m/f)
green
verde (m/f)
give the forms of “charlatán” (talkative), “glotón” (gluttonous) and “peleador” (feisty, aggressive)
charlatán, charlatana, charlatanes, charlatanas
glotón, glotona, glotones, glotonas
peleador, peleadora, peleadores, peleadoras
adjectives that end in -án, -ón, or -or have four forms as above. Note that the accents, when present, are only in the ms forms.
give the forms of the Spanish translations of the adjectives Mexican and Peruvian.
mexicano, mexicanos, mexicana, mexicanas
peruano, peruanos, peruana, peruanas
Adjectives of nationality that end in o follow the same patterns as other adjectives that end in -o. Note that adjectives of nationality are not capitalized in Spanish.
Those chocolates are -Belgian.-
Esos chocolates son -belgas.-
Many adjectives of nationality end in -a, -án, -és, -ense or -í. These adjectives have only two forms, both serving both genders.
The -Catalan- language is spoken in Catalonia.
El idioma -catalán- se habla en Cataluña.
Many adjectives of nationality end in -a, -án, -és, -ense or -í. These adjectives have only two forms, both serving both genders.
The -Costa Rican- nation is admired for its democratic tradition.
La nación -costarricense- es admirada por su tradición democrática.
Many adjectives of nationality end in -a, -án, -és, -ense or -í. These adjectives have only two forms, both serving both genders.
Where are you going with the -old- dress and jacket?
¿Dónde vas con el vestido y la chaqueta -viejos-?
When using a plural adjective to describe a group containing both masculine and feminine items, use the masculine plural form.
The -ferocious- lion wanders in the jungle.
El -fiero- león pasea por la selva.
While descriptive adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, they should precede the noun if they are used to emphasize intrinsic characteristics.
We want -two- ice creams.
Queremos -dos- helados.
Numerical adjectives and those specifying amounts go before the noun.
Today there is -less- snow.
Hoy hay -menos- nieve.
Numerical adjectives and those specifying amounts go before the noun.
-My- problems are not -your- problems.
-Mis- problemas no son -tus- problemas.
Possessive adjectives go before the noun.
-This- building has -four- elevators.
-Este- edificio tiene -cuatro- ascensores.
Demonstrative and numerical adjectives go before the noun.
some (and forms) (words beginning with a
algún, alguna, algunos, algunas
enough
bastante, bastantes
as much
cuanto, -a, -os, -as
many, much
mucho, -a, -os, -as
no (adj.), none
ningún, ninguna, ningunos, ningunas
few, little (amount)
poco, poca, pocos, pocas
sufficient
suficiente, suficientes
various, few
varios, varias
Don Quixote is a -great- novel.
Don Quixote es una -gran- novela.
novela grande = big novel.
former house
antigua casa
ancient house
casa antigua
a certain date
cierta fecha
correct/sure date (ci word)
fecha cierta
any car
cualquier auto
any old car (e.g. will do)
auto cualquiera
note that, like grande, cualquiera has two singular forms…one for before the noun and one for after. Note that the after-noun form ends in -a, but is both masculine and feminine.
great book
gran libro
big book
libro grande
same thing
misma cosa
thing itself
cosa misma
different car (with n)
nuevo auto
new car
auto nuevo
nothing but sugar
puro azúcar
pure sugar
azúcar puro
simple task
simple tarea
unsophisticated person
persona simple
(the) only car
(el) único auto
unique car
auto único
old-fashioned car; long-time car
viejo auto
old car
auto viejo
good (give both ms forms)
buen, bueno
some (word begins with a. give both ms forms)
algún, alguno
bad (give both ms forms)
mal, malo
first (give both ms forms)
primer, primero
third (give both ms forms)
tercer, tercero
one (give both ms forms)
un, uno
I only have -one hundred- dollars in my pocket.
Tengo solamente -cien- dólares en el bolsillo.
The House of Representatives wants -one hundred- billion.
La Casa de Representantes quiere -cien- mil millones.
There are -one hundred and ninety-nine- chairs in this room.
Hay -ciento noventa y nueve- sillas en este salón.
-San- Francisco is a city in California.
-San- Francisco es una ciudad en California.
for male saints, use the shortened “San” except before “Domingo” and “Tomás”
She is not -impatient or spoiled.-
No es -impaciente o consentida-.
He has a -small, pleasant- dog.
Tiene un perro -pequeño y simpático-.
The trip was -long, tedious-.
El viaje fue -largo, tedioso-.
They used to live in a -grand medieval- castle.
Vivían en un -gran- castillo -medieval.-
I broke -the crystal- stem glass.
Rompí la copa -de cristal.-
preposition + noun can function as an adjective.
Do you like my -pearl- necklace?
¿Te gusta mi collar -de perlas?-
preposition + noun can function as an adjective.
The islands -situated- west of Ecuador are the Galápagos Islands.
Las islas -situadas- al oeste de Ecuador son las Galápagos.
Most past participles can be used as adjectives.
The -broken- dish is in the garbage.
El plato -roto- está en la basura.
Most past participles can be used as adjectives.
The door is -closed.-
La puerta está -cerrada.-
Most past participles can be used as adjectives.
You (f pl) work -too much.-
Ustedes trabajan -demasiado.-
Some Spanish adjectives can also be adverbs. As adverbs, they do not change form, ever.
Lola asks -too many- questions.
Lola hace -demasiadas- preguntas.
In this sentence, demasiado functions as an adjective and must match the number and gender of its noun (preguntas.)
The boys are arriving -now-.
Los chicos llegan -ahora.-
An example of a single-word adverb.
Shall we talk -later-?
¿Hablamos -luego-?
An example of a single-word adverb.
I have not -yet- finished.
-Todavía- no he terminado.
An example of a single-word adverb. Also note that compound tenses may not be separated in Spanish.
They left -the day before yesterday-.
Salieron -anteayer.-
Sometimes adverbs are compound words (here, antes + ayer)
down, downstairs
abajo
over here
acá
out; outside
afuera
there (adv)
ahí
over there
allá
here
aquí
up; upstairs
arriba
near
cerca
