Chapter 05: Gustar, Ser, Estar and Expressing Opinions Flashcards
What is the Spanish equivalent of
subject + to like + direct object?
e.g. I like Mexican music.
Mary likes dogs.
Indirect Object (English subject) + gustar + Subject (English direct object)
Me gusta la música mexicana.
A María le gustan los perros.
Do you like to go to the museum and buy gifts there?
¿Te gusta ir al museo y comprar regalos allí?
Use the singular form gusta with series of infinitives.
We don’t like to wash and iron.
No nos gusta lavar y planchar.
Use the singular form gusta with series of infinitives.
I don’t like bright colors.
No me gustan los colores claros.
Notice that the subject is the thing that is liked….so gustar will either appear as gusta (singular) or gustan (plural) to match the Spanish subject…..the thing liked.
They don’t like paella with artichokes.
No les gusta una paella con alcachofas.
Notice that the subject is the thing that is liked….so gustar will either appear as gusta (singular) or gustan (plural) to match the Spanish subject…..the thing liked.
We don’t like long novels.
No nos gustan las novelas largas.
Notice that the subject is the thing that is liked….so gustar will either appear as gusta (singular) or gustan (plural) to match the Spanish subject…..the thing liked.
-Juanita- likes baroque paintings.
-A Juanita le- gusta la pintura barroca.
When a noun is the indirect object, it is preceded by the preposition a and typically followed by the indirect object pronoun.
-You- like Dali’s paintings.
-A usted le- gustan los cuadros de Dali.
When there needs to be more specificity of the indirect object, the prepositional pronoun, preceded by a, is supplied, usually followed by the indirect object pronoun.
-The custodian- likes that painting (place the pronoun first).
-Le- gusta -al guardia- ese cuadro.
Occasionally, the noun indirect object follows the verb. In this case, the sentence typically begins with the indirect object pronoun. The noun is immediately preceded by the preposition a (here hidden in the contraction al)
to bore (ie to cause boredom)
aburrir
grammatical use like gustar
to please (begins with a)
agradar
grammatical use like gustar
to worry (ie to cause worry…begins with a)
angustiar
grammatical use like gustar
to excite, to thrill
apasionar
grammatical use like gustar
to be enough, to suffice
bastar
grammatical use like gustar
to upset (to cause someone a negative emotional reaction)
disgustar
grammatical use like gustar
to hurt, ache (ie to be painful)
doler
grammatical use like gustar
to like thoroughly, to love
encantar
grammatical use like gustar
to lack, to be missing (st)
faltar
grammatical use like gustar
to fascinate, to love
fascinar
grammatical use like gustar
to miss (ie to feel nostalgic longing for), to need
hacer falta
grammatical use like gustar
to matter, to care about
importar
grammatical use like gustar
to be interesting/to be appealing
interesar
grammatical use like gustar
to annoy, to bother
molestar
grammatical use like gustar
to worry (ie to cause worry….p word)
preocupar
grammatical use like gustar
to fit, to remain (ie left)
quedar
grammatical use like gustar
to be left over
sobrar
grammatical use like gustar
to be one’s turn
tocar
grammatical use like gustar
This symphony bores me.
Este sinfonía me aburre.
You (formal plural) are missing ten euros.
A ustedes les faltan diez euros.
This money is enough for us.
Nos basta este dinero.
How does the jacket fit you (singular plural explicit)?
¿Cómo le queda a usted la chaqueta?
Conjugate ser (to be, e.g. American) in the present tense.
irregular
soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son.
Conjugate estar (to be, e.g. at the supermarket) in the present tense.
irregular
estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están
I -am- from the United States
-Soy- de los Estados Unidos.
I -am- in Washington.
-Estoy- en Washington.
The case -was studied- by the authorities. (using the real Spanish passive.)
El caso -fue estudiado- por las autoridades.
“fue” is the third person singular preterite form of ser.
We -are considering- your proposal. (Use the Spanish present progressive.)
-Estamos considerando- tu propuesta.
I -am- Graciela.
-Soy- Graciela.
Ser is generally used for permanent or long-lasting situations.
I -am- in Madrid now.
Ahora -estoy- en Madrid.
Estar is generally used for shorter-term situations.
He -is- dead!
¡Él -está- muerto!
Even though ser is normally reserved for permanent situations, estar is used for life or death. There is nothing more permanent than death!
I -am- Pedro
-Soy- Pedro.
Use ser for statements of identity.
This -is- the market.
Este -es- el mercado.
Use ser for statements of identity.
The Fourth of July -is- the Independence Day of the United States.
El cuatro de julio -es- el Día de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos.
Use ser for statements of identity.
Raul -is- an athlete.
Raúl -es- atleta.
Use ser for occupations.
We -are- students.
-Somos- alumnos.
Use ser for occupations.
Guacamole -is- a Mexican dish.
El guacamole -es- un plato mexicano.
Use ser for essential or inherent qualities (including nationality, moral qualities or religion)
Felicia -is- Cuban.
Felicia -es- cubana.
Use ser for essential or inherent qualities (including nationality, moral qualities or religion)
Mr. Benigno -is- very honest.
El señor Benigno -es- muy honrado.
Use ser for essential or inherent qualities (including nationality, moral qualities or religion)
Delia’s family -is- Catholic.
La familia de Delia -es- católica.
Use ser for essential or inherent qualities (including nationality, moral qualities or religion)
Charley -is- tall, blond and pleasant.
Charley -es- alto, rubio, y simpático.
Use ser for characteristics of physical appearance and personality.
Before, Rosa -used to be- a redhead. Now she -is- a blond.
Antes, Rosa -era- pelirroja. Ahora, -es- rubia.
Use ser for characteristics of physical appearance and personality. Although hair color can be changed, use ser. Era is the first and third person singular imperfect form of ser.
They -are- my sisters.
Ellas -son- mis hermanas.
Use ser with human relationships.
John -is- her ex-husband.
John -es- su ex-marido.
Use ser with human relationships.
You -are- my friend!
¡Tú -eres- mi amigo!
Use ser with human relationships.
It -is- half-past one.
-Es- la una y media.
Use ser with clock time.
It -is- eight fifteen.
-Son- las ocho y cuarto.
Use ser with clock time.
Tomorrow -is- my birthday.
Mañana -es- mi cumpleaños.
Use ser with the date and place of an event.
The meetings -are- in the conference room.
Las reuniones -son- en el salón de conferencias.
Use ser with the date and place of an event.
Today -is- May the first.
Hoy -es- el primero de mayo.
Use ser with the date and place of an event.
These shoes -are- from Italy.
Estos zapatos -son- de Italia.
Use ser with origin, possession and composition.
The house -is- Lucy’s.
La casa -es- de Lucy.
Use ser with origin, possession and composition.
My watch -is- not (made of) gold.
Mi reloj no -es- de oro.
Use ser with origin, possession and composition.
Four times three -is- twelve.
Cuatro por tres -son- doce.
Use ser with quantity and price.
“How much -is- it?”
“It -is- twelve euros.”
—¿Cuánto -es-?
—-Es- doce euros.
Use ser with quantity and price.
The beaches -are- admired by the tourists. (use the real passive.)
Las playas -son- admiradas por los turistas.
Use ser in the passive construction ser + participle + por.
The book -will be- published in San Juan. (use the real passive.)
El libro -será- publicado en San Juan.
Use ser in the passive construction ser + participle + por.
It -is- urgent to call your house now!
¡-Es- urgente llamar a tu casa ahora!
Use ser in impersonal constructions.
The city of Miami -is- in Florida.
La ciudad de Miami -está- en Flórida.
Use estar for all types of location sentences.
I -am- in the living room now.
-Estoy- en la sala ahora.
Use estar for all types of location sentences.
I -will be- outside in two minutes.
-Estaré- afuera en dos minutos.
Use estar for all types of location sentences.
She -is- lost. (i.e. conversationally or mentally)
Ella -está- en la luna. (lit. She is on the moon).
Use estar for all types of location sentences.
The children -are- ill.
Los niños -están- enfermos.
Use estar with temporary situations or a situation due to a recent action.
The session -is- cancelled.
La sesión -está- cancelada.
I -am- not crazy!
¡Yo no -estoy- loco!
Use estar for temporary mental conditions or moods. (Here, we are assuming the woman did something peculiar prior to this statement.)
You -are- depressed!
¡-Estás- deprimida!
Use estar for temporary mental conditions or moods.
Man, you -are- (look) thin. (compared with previously)
Hombre, -estás- delgado.
Use estar for temporary qualities or bases for comparison.
For their age, these kids -are- very mature.
Para su edad, -están- muy maduros estos chicos.
Use estar for temporary qualities or bases for comparison.
Luisa -is- an engineer but now she -is- a server at a fancy restaurant.
Luisa -es- ingeniera pero ahora -está de- camarera en un restaurante muy fino.
Use estar with de for a temporary situation. Notice the use of ser in the first clause.
We -are- looking for work. (use the real present progressive)
-Estamos- buscando trabajo.
Use estar in the present progressive.
The dancers -are- coming out to the stage.
Los bailarines -están- saliendo el escenario.
Use estar with the present progressive.
to be boring
ser aburrido
estar aburrido = to be bored
to be bored
estar aburrido
ser aburrido = to be boring
to be good (essential characteristic)
ser bueno
estar bueno = to be fine (temporary)/to be tasty
to be fine (temporary mood)/to be tasty
estar bueno
ser bueno = to be good as an essential characteristic
to be clever
ser listo
estar listo = to be ready
to be ready
estar listo
ser listo = to be clever
to be bad (essential characteristic)
ser malo
estar malo = to be sick
to be sick (adj. with m)
estar malo
ser malo = to be bad
to be vain or conceited
ser orgulloso
estar orgulloso = to be proud as an emotion
to be proud (as an emotion)
estar orgulloso
ser orgulloso = to be conceited or vain
to have a pale complexion
ser pálido
estar pálido is to be pale from health or emotion
to be pale (from emotion or health)
estar pálido
ser pálido is to have a pale complexion
to be rich
ser rico
estar rico = to be tasty
to be tasty (adj with r)
estar rico
ser rico = to be rich
to be safe
ser seguro
estar seguro = to be sure
to be sure
estar seguro
ser seguro = to be safe
to be old
ser viejo
estar viejo = to look old
to look old
estar viejo
ser viejo = to be old
to be sharp, lively, bright
ser vivo
estar vivo = to be alive
to be alive
estar vivo
ser vivo = to be sharp, lively, smart
-It is- May fourth. (use a “to be” expression)
-Estamos a- cuatro de mayo.
-I am just about- to finish.
-Estoy a punto de- acabar.
-We agree with- Maria.
-Estamos de acuerdo con- María.
-I am about- to leave.
-Estoy para- salir.
-I am in favor of- cutting taxes.
-Estoy por- la reducción de los impuestos.
-Do you agree with- our decision?
¿-Estás conforme con- nuestra decisión?
Eva López -is on vacation- in Los Angeles
Eva López -está de vacaciones- en Los Ángeles.
They -are- all -back.-
Todos -están de vuelta.-
What are the past participles of hablar (to talk), comer (to eat) and vivir (to live)? These are paradigm participles in the three conjugations. Most past participles are regular.
hablado, comido, vivido
talked, eaten, lived
past participle of abrir (to open)
abierto
past participle of absolver (to absolve)
absuelto
past participle of cubrir (to cover)
cubierto
past participle of decir (to say/to tell)
dicho
past participle of escribir (to write)
escrito
past participle of hacer (to do/to make)
hecho
past participle of morir (to die)
muerto
past participle of poner (to put/place)
puesto
past participle of romper (to break)
roto
past participle of ver (to see)
visto
past participle of volver (to return)
vuelto
past participle of bendecir (to bless)
bendecido—regular—in compound tenses.
bendito—irregular—as an adjective.
past participle of confesar (to confess)
confesado—regular—in compound tenses
confeso—irregular—as an adjective
past participle of convertir (to convert)
convertido—regular—in compound tenses
converso—irregular—as an adjective
past participle of elegir (to elect or choose)
elegido—regular—in compound tenses
electo—irregular—as an adjective
past participle of expresar (to express)
expresado—regular—in compound tenses
expreso—irregular—as an adjective
past participle of freír (to fry)
freído—regular—in compound tenses
frito—irregular—as an adjective
past participle of imprimir (to stamp, print)
imprimido—regular—in compound tenses
impreso—irregular—as an adjective
past participle of reducir (to reduce)
reducido—regular—in compound tenses
reducto—irregular—as an adjective
past participle of suspender (to suspend)
suspendido—regular—in compound tenses
suspenso—irregular—as an adjective
The boys broke the windows.
Los niños rompieron las ventanas.
These sentences, both English and Spanish, are in the active voice.
He wrote the novel.
Él escribió la novela.
These sentences, both English and Spanish, are in the active voice.
The windows were broken by the boys.
Las ventanas fueron rotas por los niños.
These sentences, both Spanish and English, are in the passive voice. The true passive voice is considerably less common in Spanish than in English.
The novel was written by him.
La novela fue escrita por él.
These sentences, both Spanish and English, are in the passive voice. The true passive voice is considerably less common in Spanish than in English.
How do we form the true passive voice in Spanish?
Subject + form of ser + past participle (+ por + object of preposition). Compare with the English:
Subject + form of to be + past participle (+ by + object of preposition)
How do we construct the pseudo-passive in Spanish?
Write “The novel was written.” in the pseudo-passive.
Conjugated third-person reflexive verb + noun.
Se escribió la novela.
The pseudo-passive is much more common in Spanish than the real passive. Sentences in the pseudo-passive never contain an agent.
I -know- Seattle well.
-Conozco- bien la ciudad de Seattle.
Use conocer to express familiarity.
I’d like -to know- Espronceda’s works better.
Quisiera -conocer- mejor las obras de Espronceda.
Use conocer to express familiarity.
I don’t -know- her.
No la -conozco- a ella.
Use conocer to express familiarity.
She -knows- the lyrics of all the pop songs.
Ella -sabe- la letra de todas las canciones populares.
Use saber for having command of a body of information, or for facts.
-Did- you -meet- my brother at the dance?
¿-Conociste- a mi hermano en el baile?
Use conocer in the preterite to mean “met, became acquainted with”
When I -found out- what Mr. Acero had done, I hit the ceiling.
Cuando -supe- lo que el Sr. Acero había hecho, puse el grito en el cielo. (lit. …I put a shout in the sky)
User saber in the preterite to mean (learned, found out)
This -tastes like- cinnamon.
Esto -sabe a- canela.
saber a means to taste like
She -knows how- to play the piano.
Ella -sabe- tocar el piano.
Use saber to mean to know how.
Do you -know how- to open this can of anchovies?
¿-Sabes- cómo se abre esta lata de anchoas?
Use saber to mean to know how.
to ask (for), to request, to order
pedir (e->i)
to ask (a question)
preguntar
to raise (an offspring), to care for
criar
to grow (physically—intransitive)
crecer
to grow, cultivate (transitive)
cultivar
Johnny’s parents -raised- him well, for he has such good manners.
Los padres de Juanito lo -criaron- bien, pues tiene buenos modales.
Corn -grows- very quickly in the hot summer months.
El maíz -crece- muy rápido en los calurosos meses del verano.
Teenagers seem -to grow- before your eyes.
Los adolescentes parecen -crecer- ante los ojos.
In Hawaii, they -grow- exotic orchids.
En Hawaii, se -cultivan- orquídeas exóticas.
It is important to discover and -cultivate- your innate talents.
Es importante descubrir y -cultivar- los talentos naturales.
To exit, leave
salir (de)
yo salgo
to leave behind, to allow
dejar
expression for “to quit” something
dejar de + infinitive
to have just + past participle
acabar de + infinitive
My friend came out of the bathroom.
Mi amigo salió del cuarto de baño.
My friend left his keys in the restroom.
Mi amigo dejó sus llaves en el cuarto de baño.
My friend’s parents didn’t let him go to Jane’s party.
Los padres de mi amigo no lo dejaron ir a la fiesta de Juana.
My friend quit smoking.
Mi amigo dejó de fumar.
My friend just came out of the restroom.
Mi amigo acaba de salir del cuarto de baño.
notice acabar is in the present tense.
to move (something)
mover
to move about
moverse
to move, ie change residence
mudarse
to shed (skin, baby teeth, etc.)
mudar
to hope that something happens, to hope that someone does something
esperar que + subjunctive
We -hope- our team -wins- the game.
-Esperamos que- nuestro equipo -gane- el partido.
She -hopes- you -go- to the meeting.
Ella -espera que vayas- a la reunión.
-We hope we win- the game.
-Esperamos ganar- el partido.
-I hope to go- to the meeting.
-Espero ir- a la reunión.
I -want- you -to go- with me.
-Quiero que- me -acompañes.-
-I do- not -want to go- alone.
No -quiero ir- sola.
They -would rather that- we -did- not -talk.-
-Prefieren que- no -hablemos.-
They -prefer- to talk./They -would rather- do all the talking.
-Prefieren- hablar ellos.
-I like it- that you (fam s) always -come- to class on time.
-Me gusta- que siempre -llegues- a clase a tiempo.
-I like to go- to your house.
-Me gusta ir- a tu casa.
We -need- you -to help- us.
-Necesitamos- que nos -ayudes.-
-It bothers him- that -they make- noise.
-Le molesta- que -hagan- ruido.
-Since- you’re so young, you can’t come with us.
-Como- eres muy joven, no puedes ir con nosotros.
-How- are you?
¿-Cómo- estás?
I don’t know -how- you do that.
No sé -cómo- haces eso.
-What are you like-?
¿-Cómo eres-?
She’s -like- thirty years old.
Ella tiene -como- treinta años.
You’re -just like- a sister to me.
Eres -como- una hermana para mí.
I’ve been waiting for you -since- seven o’clock.
Te estoy esperando -desde- las siete.
You can visit me whenever you want, -whether- it’s in the morning, in the afternoon, or at night.
Me puedes visitar cuando quieras, -ya sea- por la mañana, por la tarde o por la noche.
Invite whomever you wish, -whether- it’s a boy or a girl.
Invita a quien quieras, -ya sea- un chico o una chica.
Come (pl f) early, -in other words-, at eight or nine.
Vengan temprano, -o sea-, a las ocho o las nueve.
My dad is very generous with me. -As a matter of fact-, I can buy all the clothes I want.
Mi papá es muy generoso conmigo. -De hecho,- puedo comprar toda la ropa que quiera.
She is like family. -In fact-, she celebrates all the holidays with us.
Ella es como parte de la familia. -De hecho,- celebra todos los festivos con nosotros.
We have to go shopping to get a present for Carlos. His birthday party is tomorrow. -Speaking of which,- do you know if the kids are invited?
Tenemos que ir de compras para buscar un regalo para Carlos. Su fiesta de cumpleaños es mañana. -A propósito,- ¿sabes si los niños están invitados?
-What do you think of- this painting?
I like it/I don’t like it/I love it/I think it’s really ugly.
¿-Qué te/le parece- este cuadro?
(A mi) me gusta/no me gusta/me encanta/me parece feo.
-How about (if) we- call Carolina?
-¿Qué te parece si- llamamos a Carolina?
-Do you think it would be a good idea- to buy her a Teddy bear?
-¿Qué te parece si- le compramos un osito de peluche?
-I like- the house.
-Me gusta- la casa.
-I like- Fernando.
-Me gusta- Fernando.
Ana -cares about- her studies. (i.e. Ana’s studies -are important to her-.)
-A- Ana -le importan- sus estudios.
Ana -cares about- you. (i.e. You -are important to- Ana.)
-A- Ana -le importa- tú.
He -loves- comedies. (i.e. Comedies -fascinate- him.)
Le -fascinan- las comedias.
Fernando and Thomas -fascinate- me.
Me -fascinan- Fernando y Tomás.
I like -chocolate.-
Me gusta -el chocolate.-
If an object or objects is/are liked in this construction, it must be preceded by the definite article.
I like -chocolates.-
Me gustan -los chocolates.-
If an object or objects is/are liked in this construction, it must be preceded by the definite article.
Do you like chocolate?
Yes, I like -it.-
¿Te gusta el chocolate?
Sí, me gusta.
(no subject pronoun in the answer for objects)
Do you like Fernando?
Yes, I like -him.-
¿Te gusta Fernando?
Sí, me gusta -él.-
Use the subject pronoun in the answer only with people.
-I like- to ski.
-Me gusta- esquiar.
-I like- to play the guitar.
-Me gusta- tocar la guitarra.
-I don’t like- to get up early.
-No me gusta- levantarme temprano.
to bother
molestar
used grammatically like gustar
to annoy
fastidiar
used grammatically like gustar
to impress (to cause the emotion of wonder)
impresionar
used grammatically like gustar
to be important to, to matter
importar
used grammatically like gustar
to hurt (i.e. my leg hurts, intransitive in English)
doler (o—>ue)
used grammatically like gustar
to sadden
entristecer (yo entristezco)
used grammatically like gustar
to bore (i.e. to cause someone to feel boredom)
aburrir
used grammatically like gustar
”I have two tickets to the concert tonight. Do you want to go?” “-To be honest (with you)-, I’m not a fan of that group. I don’t like their music.”
—Tengo dos entradas para el concierto esta noche. ¿Quieres ir?
— -Para serte sincero-, no soy aficionado de ese grupo. No me gusta su música.
I don’t want to go to the meeting. -I can’t stand- the attitude of some of our coworkers.
No quiero ir a la reunión. -No soporto- la actitud de ciertos colegas nuestros.
Soportar is a false cognate. It does not mean “support” in the most common English senses. It means “to tolerate.”
I don’t know how that woman -supports- her family on so little money.
No sé como esa mujer -mantiene- su familia con tan poco dinero.
To translate “to support” in the sense of “to provide,” use “mantener.” (conjugated like tener).
My parents -support- my decision.
Mis padres -apoyan- mi decisión.
To translate “to support” in the sense of providing moral or physical support, use “apoyar.”
-Hold me up-, please. I’ve twisted my ankle.
-Apóyame-, por favor. Se me ha torcido el tobillo.
To translate “to support” in the sense of providing moral or physical support, use “apoyar.”
This house is perfect for us. It has a lot of space, a nice yard, and it’s close to town. -Plus-, it’s in a good school district.
Esta casa es perfecta para nosotros. Tiene mucho espacio, un jardín lindo, y está cerca del centro. -Por otra parte-, está en un buen distrito escolar.
Use “por otra parte” to translate words or which signify additional information is coming, like “plus,” “in addition,” or “furthermore.”
I like the house and I agree that it has a lot of advantages. -On the other hand-, it’s a long way from where I work.
Me gusta la casa y estoy de acuerdo que tiene muchas ventajas. -Pero por otra parte-, está muy lejos de mi trabajo.
To express “on the other hand,” or “nevertheless,” use “pero por otra parte.” The “pero” is necessary, otherwise the phrase means “in addition.”
-I would like- a reservation for the twelfth of March.
-Quisiera- una reservación para el doce de marzo.
Use the subjunctive of “querer” to express a desire extra politely.
-We would like- to go on a Caribbean cruise. (But it will probably never happen.)
-Quisiéramos- ir en un crucero al Caribe.
Use the subjunctive of querer to express wishes or desires that are unlikely to be fulfilled.
-We would like/would love- to go on a Caribbean Cruise.
-Nos gustaría/nos encantaría ir en un crucero al Caribe.
In addition to using the subjunctive of “querer,” we can use the conditional of verbs like “gustar” to express wishes that are unlikely to be fulfilled.
-Oh how I’d love- to go back to my country for the holidays.
-Como me encantaría- volver a mi país para los festejos.
My mom -would love- this movie.
-A- mi mamá -le fascinaría- esta película.
“-Would you like- to dance?”
“Yes, -I’d love to-.”
—¿-Le gustaría- bailar?
—Sí, -me encantaría-.
