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Gen Chem 01 > Chapter 03A: Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations > Flashcards

Chapter 03A: Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations Flashcards

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1
Q

Compound

A

Substance with 2+ elements CHEMICALLY combined in a DEFINITE proportion by mass

Can be decomposed into simpler substances

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2
Q

Chemical formula

A

An abbreviation for compounds

Contains symbols & ratio of atoms/elements

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3
Q

Molecular formula

A

Gives ACTUAL number of atoms of each element, in the smallest unit of substance

H2O

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4
Q

Empirical formula

A

Shows SIMPLEST (reduced) whole-number ratio of atoms in a substance

C6H12O6 –> CH2O

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5
Q

Structural formula

A

Uses lines to represent covalent bonds

Shows how atoms are connected or bonded to each other

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6
Q

Chemical bonds

A

Forces that hold atoms together in compounds

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7
Q

Ionic bond

A

Type of chemical bond
Attraction between oppositely charged ions
Occurs between metals (cations) and nonmetals (anions)
TRANSFER of 1+ electrons from metal to nonmetal

RESULT: Ionic compound

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8
Q

Covalent bond

A

Type of chemical bond
Occurs between 2+ nonmetals/metalloids
SHARING of electrons

RESULT: Molecule, molecular compound

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9
Q

Atomic elements

A

Exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

Most elements fall into this category

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10
Q

Molecular elements

A

Exist normally in nature as molecules

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11
Q

Diatomic elements (7)

A 
H - Hydrogen
N - Nitrogen
O - Oxygen
F - Fluorine
Cl - Chlorine
Br - Bromine
I - Iodine
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12
Q

Polyatomic elements (3)

A

P - Phosphorus (P4)
S - Sulfur (S8)
Se - Selenium (Se8)

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13
Q

Ionic compound

A

Cation + anion

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14
Q

Formula unit

A

Basic unit of ionic compound
The smallest, electrically neutral collection of ions

e.g. NaCl

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15
Q

Monatomic ion

A

1 atom

e.g. Na ion

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16
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

2+ atoms

e.g. nitrate

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17
Q

Nomenclature: ionic

A

Metal + nonmetal/anion

Cation (charge) + anion + ide

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18
Q

Nomenclature: molecular

A

Nonmetals/metalloids

Prefix (2+) + 1st element + prefix + 2nd element + ide

19
Q

Nomenclature: binary acid

A

Hydrogen + nonmetal

Hydro + nonmetal + ic + acid

*(aq) aqueous

20
Q

Nomenclature: oxyacid

A

Hydrogen + oxyanion

Oxyanion + ic (ate) OR ous (ite) + acid

*(aq) aqueous

21
Q

Acid

A

Substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Hydrogen is written first to indicate that a substance is an acid

*To be called an acid, compound must be dissolved in water

22
Q

Binary acid

A

Acid with only 2 elements

Format: HX

23
Q

Oxyacids

A

Acid with hydrogen cation/ion and an oxyanion

24
Q

Oxyanion prefix: per

A

One more oxygen than -ate

25
Q

Oxyanion suffix: ate

A

Becomes -ic acid

26
Q

Oxyanion suffix: ite

A

Becomes -ous acid

27
Q

Oxyanion prefix: hypo

A

One less oxygen than -ite

28
Q

Base

A

Substance that yields hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

29
Q

Hydrate

A

Ionic compounds (solids) that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them as part of their crystalline structure

Often decompose by losing water upon heating

30
Q

Anhydrous

A

Without water

31
Q

Waters of hydration

A

Number of water molecules present per formula unit (ionic compound)

32
Q

Nomenclature: hydrate

A

Ionic compound + hydrate prefix + hydrate

33
Q

Molecular prefix: 1

A

Mono-

34
Q

Molecular prefix: 2

A

Di-

35
Q

Molecular prefix: 3

A

Tri-

36
Q

Molecular prefix: 4

A

Tetra-

37
Q

Molecular prefix: 5

A

Penta-

38
Q

Molecular prefix: 6

A

Hexa-

39
Q

Molecular prefix: 7

A

Hepta-

40
Q

Molecular prefix: 8

A

Octa-

41
Q

Molecular prefix: 9

A

Nona-

42
Q

Molecular prefix: 10

A

Deca-

43
Q

Hydrate prefix: 1/2

A

Hemi-

Gen Chem 01 (21 decks)

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