Chapter 01: Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving

Question 1

Number of naturally occurring elements

Answer 1

91

Question 2

Properties of solids

Answer 2

Definite shape
Definite volume
Incompressible
Particles close very together
Particles locked in place

Question 3

Types of solids (2)

Answer 3

Crystalline and amorphous

Question 4

Crystalline solids

Answer 4

Have regular, repeating, 3D internal geometric patterns

Question 5

Amorphous solids

Answer 5

No regular, internal geometric patterns

Question 6

Properties of a liquid

Answer 6

Indefinite shape
Definite volume
Incompressible, essentially
Particles close together
Particles can move freely

Question 7

Properties of a gas

Answer 7

Indefinite shape
Indefinite volume
Compressible
Particles far apart
Particles can move freely AND randomly

Question 8

Physical changes

Answer 8

Do not ALTER COMPOSITION or IDENTITY of a substance

Question 9

Chemical changes

Answer 9

DO ALTER COMPOSITION or IDENTITY of substance(s)

Question 10

Physical properties

Answer 10

Inherent characteristics, determined WITHOUT altering composition

Color, taste, odor, state (of matter), density, melting point, boiling point

Question 11

Chemical properties

Answer 11

Describes substance’s ability to either

(a) undergo a reaction with another substance
(b) decompose

Flammability, corrosiveness, acidity, toxicity

Question 12

Energy

Answer 12

Matter’s capacity to do work

Question 13

Work

Answer 13

Force’s action through a distance

Question 14

Potential energy

Answer 14

Stored energy

Question 15

Kinetic energy

Answer 15

Matter’s energy due to its position

Question 16

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 16

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; energy is always conserved during ANY change

Question 17

Extensive properties

Answer 17

Depends upon quantity of matter

Mass, length, volume

Question 18

Intensive properties

Answer 18

INtensive = INdependent of quantity of matter

Density, temperature, color

Question 19

SI base units

Answer 19

meter
kilogram
second
kelvin
mole

Question 20

Matter

Answer 20

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 21

Mass

Answer 21

Measure of quantity of matter, measured on balance

Question 22

Weight

Answer 22

Gravity’s force exerted on an object

Question 23

Volume

Answer 23

Amount of space occupied by matter (cubic measurement)

Question 24

Density

Answer 24

Ratio of mass to volume
*Dependent upon temperature! (Always note temperature with density, if available.)

SI standard: kg/m^3

Question 25

Thermal energy

Answer 25

Form of energy; motion of small particles of matter; a type of kinetic energy (arises from motion of atoms)

Question 26

Termperature

Answer 26

INTENSITY measurement of thermal energy

Question 27

Heat

Answer 27

FLOW of energy due to temperature difference

Question 28

K = Celsius + ?

Answer 28

K = Celsius + 273.15

Question 29

Celsius = Fahrenheit…?

Answer 29

Celsius = (F - 32) / 1.8

Question 30

Uncertainty

Answer 30

Exists in last digit of every measurement, because this digit is estimated

Question 31

Exact numbers

Answer 31

Infinite number of significant figures

Counted numbers

Question 32

Accuracy

Answer 32

How close measured value is to true value

Question 33

Precision

Answer 33

How close a set of measured values are to each other

Question 34

Random error

Answer 34

Error that has equal probability of being too high/too low

Question 35

Systematic error

Answer 35

Error that trends toward EITHER being too high OR too low

Question 36

Derived unit

Answer 36

Combination of other units

e.g. m/s (meters per second)

Question 37

Glucose

Answer 37

C6H12O6