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Ag BIO > Chap 9 Quiz > Flashcards

Chap 9 Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fatty acids are components of

A

+ Neutral Lipids
+ Phospholipids
+ Eicosanoids

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2
Q

Fatty acids are ____ containing

A

Amphipathic; unbranched long-chain (hydrophobic) &
carboxylic (hydrophilic)
*even number of carbon atoms

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3
Q

Fatty acids are stored as ______ in

A

triacylglycerols; adipose (fat) tissue (used as energy storage)

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4
Q

Classifications of Fatty Acids

A

Saturated: no double bonds (solid)

Unsaturated: contains double bonds (liquid)

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5
Q

What group do we start from with omega

A

Start from the methyl group

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6
Q

Neutral Lipids defined

A

Fatty acids that do not have charged groups because the carboxylic acid is esterified

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7
Q

(In neutral lipids) when the carboxylic acid is esterified it becomes either

A

glycerol or cholesterol

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8
Q

Neutral Lipids can form

A

Monoacylglycerol (1 FA)
Diacylglycerol (2 FA)
Triacylglycerol (3 FA)

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9
Q

Organic acid + alcohol =

A

water and ester

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10
Q

Cholesteryl Esters Defined

A

Fatty acids esterified to cholesterol
(stored in the body as cholesterol reserve)

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11
Q

Waxes Defined

A

Hydrophobic, long-chain fatty acids esterified to a long-chain alcohol

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12
Q

Phospholipids Defined

A

Amphipathic lipid molecules that contain a phosphate moiety

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13
Q

Phospholipids are found in the ____ and are _____ components

A

lipid bilayer; structural

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14
Q

Phospholipids can be divided into

A

Glycerophospholipids
Sphingolipids

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15
Q

Glycerophospholipids Defined

A

Lipids that contain a glycerol backbone, two fatty acyl chains, and a phospho alcohol

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16
Q

Steroids Defined (hydrophobic)

A

Groups of lipids with diverse functions but a common skeleton consisting of four fused rings (ex. Hormones)

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17
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

Made and derived from cholesterol

Critical for sexual development, reproduction and regulation of mineral balance in higher organisms

18
Q

Cholesterol: Common Steroid maintains

A

Maintains membrane fluidity

19
Q

Cholesterol also functions by

A

+ Transport across the membrane
+ Diffusion of proteins within the membrane
+Membrane integrity

20
Q

Bile Salts Defined

A

Detergents synthesized from cholesterol by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Acts as emulsifier

21
Q

How do bile salts work

A

Used to solubilize dietary lipids in the small intestines; increases the surface area and facilitates the enzymatic degradation of lipids

22
Q

Eicosanoids
(signaling molecules)

A

Molecules derived from 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids

(Regulating functions such as blood pressure, pain, inflammation, and labor and delivery)

23
Q

Beta-Oxidation Defined

A

the breakdown of fatty acids
(each cycle shortens FA by 2 carbons)
(catabolic reaction)

24
Q

Final products of beta-oxidation

A

Acteyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2

24
Q

Beta-oxidation occurs in the

A

mitochondria

24
Q

Activation of beta-oxidation occurs through

A

coupling to Coenzyme A to form acyl-CoA

25
Q
  • Regulation of Beta-oxidation
A

+Occurs through substrate availability

+Free fatty acids are increased and enter into the cell

+Also occurs through compartmentalization of substrate (cytoplasm and mitochondria)

26
Q

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis requires_____ and is built from ____

A

input of energy; 2 carbon units

27
Q

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis requires both

A

acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Fatty Acid Synthase

28
Q

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

A

Enzyme that synthesizes malonyl-CoA and releases it into the cytosol

(found in endoplasmic reticulum)

29
Q

Fatty Acid Synthase (anabolic - molecule is reduced)

A

Multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes seven enzymatic reactions

30
Q

Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis

A

Active: ^Citrate, Acyl-CoA, ^Polymerization

Less Active: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-P

31
Q

Ketone Bodies Defined

A

Small soluble molecules made in the liver in times of energetic scarcity

32
Q

Ketone Bodies provide energy to

A

the brain when glucose is not available

33
Q

Ketone bodies are synthesize

A

In the liver

34
Q

Ketone bodies are broken down to

A

Acetyl CoA

35
Q

Sphingophospholipids defined

A

Lipids that contain a sphingosine backbone 1 fatty acyl chain and a phosphoalcohol

36
Q

What system moves active F.A. from cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix

A

Carnitine Shuttle

37
Q

Each round of B-oxidation of a saturated fatty acyl-CoA produces

A

1 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 acetyl-CoA

38
Q

What are ketone bodies and role in the body

A

Soluble molecules used for energy when there is no glucose available (can give energy to the brain)

39
Q

How does it use energy:
Adipose -
Muscle -

A

Adipose - stores energy
Muscle - uses energy

Ag BIO (14 decks)

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