Chap 9 Quiz

Question 1

Fatty acids are components of

Answer 1

+ Neutral Lipids
+ Phospholipids
+ Eicosanoids

Question 2

Fatty acids are ____ containing

Answer 2

Amphipathic; unbranched long-chain (hydrophobic) &
carboxylic (hydrophilic)
*even number of carbon atoms

Question 3

Fatty acids are stored as ______ in

Answer 3

triacylglycerols; adipose (fat) tissue (used as energy storage)

Question 4

Classifications of Fatty Acids

Answer 4

Saturated: no double bonds (solid)

Unsaturated: contains double bonds (liquid)

Question 5

What group do we start from with omega

Answer 5

Start from the methyl group

Question 6

Neutral Lipids defined

Answer 6

Fatty acids that do not have charged groups because the carboxylic acid is esterified

Question 7

(In neutral lipids) when the carboxylic acid is esterified it becomes either

Answer 7

glycerol or cholesterol

Question 8

Neutral Lipids can form

Answer 8

Monoacylglycerol (1 FA)
Diacylglycerol (2 FA)
Triacylglycerol (3 FA)

Question 9

Organic acid + alcohol =

Answer 9

water and ester

Question 10

Cholesteryl Esters Defined

Answer 10

Fatty acids esterified to cholesterol
(stored in the body as cholesterol reserve)

Question 11

Waxes Defined

Answer 11

Hydrophobic, long-chain fatty acids esterified to a long-chain alcohol

Question 12

Phospholipids Defined

Answer 12

Amphipathic lipid molecules that contain a phosphate moiety

Question 13

Phospholipids are found in the ____ and are _____ components

Answer 13

lipid bilayer; structural

Question 14

Phospholipids can be divided into

Answer 14

Glycerophospholipids
Sphingolipids

Question 15

Glycerophospholipids Defined

Answer 15

Lipids that contain a glycerol backbone, two fatty acyl chains, and a phospho alcohol

Question 16

Steroids Defined (hydrophobic)

Answer 16

Groups of lipids with diverse functions but a common skeleton consisting of four fused rings (ex. Hormones)

Question 17

Steroid Hormones

Answer 17

Made and derived from cholesterol

Critical for sexual development, reproduction and regulation of mineral balance in higher organisms

Question 18

Cholesterol: Common Steroid maintains

Answer 18

Maintains membrane fluidity

Question 19

Cholesterol also functions by

Answer 19

+ Transport across the membrane
+ Diffusion of proteins within the membrane
+Membrane integrity

Question 20

Bile Salts Defined

Answer 20

Detergents synthesized from cholesterol by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Acts as emulsifier

Question 21

How do bile salts work

Answer 21

Used to solubilize dietary lipids in the small intestines; increases the surface area and facilitates the enzymatic degradation of lipids

Question 22

Eicosanoids
(signaling molecules)

Answer 22

Molecules derived from 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids

(Regulating functions such as blood pressure, pain, inflammation, and labor and delivery)

Question 23

Beta-Oxidation Defined

Answer 23

the breakdown of fatty acids
(each cycle shortens FA by 2 carbons)
(catabolic reaction)

Question 24

Final products of beta-oxidation

Answer 24

Acteyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2

Question 24

Beta-oxidation occurs in the

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 24

Activation of beta-oxidation occurs through

Answer 24

coupling to Coenzyme A to form acyl-CoA

Question 25

* Regulation of Beta-oxidation

Answer 25

+Occurs through substrate availability +Free fatty acids are increased and enter into the cell +Also occurs through compartmentalization of substrate (cytoplasm and mitochondria)

Question 26

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis requires_____ and is built from ____

Answer 26

input of energy; 2 carbon units

Question 27

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis requires both

Answer 27

acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Fatty Acid Synthase

Question 28

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Answer 28

Enzyme that synthesizes malonyl-CoA and releases it into the cytosol (found in endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 29

Fatty Acid Synthase (anabolic - molecule is reduced)

Answer 29

Multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes seven enzymatic reactions

Question 30

Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis

Answer 30

Active: ^Citrate, Acyl-CoA, ^Polymerization Less Active: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-P

Question 31

Ketone Bodies Defined

Answer 31

Small soluble molecules made in the liver in times of energetic scarcity

Question 32

Ketone Bodies provide energy to

Answer 32

the brain when glucose is not available

Question 33

Ketone bodies are synthesize

Answer 33

In the liver

Question 34

Ketone bodies are broken down to

Answer 34

Acetyl CoA

Question 35

Sphingophospholipids defined

Answer 35

Lipids that contain a sphingosine backbone 1 fatty acyl chain and a phosphoalcohol

Question 36

What system moves active F.A. from cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 36

Carnitine Shuttle

Question 37

Each round of B-oxidation of a saturated fatty acyl-CoA produces

Answer 37

1 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 acetyl-CoA

Question 38

What are ketone bodies and role in the body

Answer 38

Soluble molecules used for energy when there is no glucose available (can give energy to the brain)

Question 39

How does it use energy: Adipose - Muscle -

Answer 39

Adipose - stores energy Muscle - uses energy