Chap 6: Carbohydrates 1

Question 1

Formula of carbohydrate

Answer 1

(C6H12O6)

Question 2

Monosaccrharides

Answer 2

simplest carbohydrates (one sugar at least 3 carbons)

Question 3

Classification is based on (Carbs)

Answer 3

+ Number of carbons

+ Presence of aldehyde or ketone

Question 4

Aldehyde vs Ketones

Answer 4

Aldoses (At the end)
Ketoses (In the middle)

Question 5

D and L form based on the hydroxyl group

Answer 5

D is on the right

L is on the left

Question 6

Epimer

Answer 6

conformation when carbohydrates differ at one stereocenter

Question 7

Glycosidic Bonds

Answer 7

the linkage that join monosaccharides to each other

Question 8

Polysaccharides

Answer 8

polymers of monosaccharides

Question 9

Disaccharides &
Trisaccharides

Answer 9

Contain two monosaccharides & Contains three monosaccharides

Question 10

Dietary Fiber

Answer 10

polysaccharides that cannot be digested because of the bond

Question 11

Alpha vs Beta

Answer 11

Alpha: Carbon 6 and OH on opposite sides

Beta: Carbon 6 and OH on the same side

Question 12

Lactose

Answer 12

galactose & glucose
(degraded by lactase)

Question 13

Sucrose

Answer 13

glucose and fructose
(degraded by surcase)

Question 14

Maltose

Answer 14

glucose and glucose
(degraded by maltase)

Question 15

Amylose vs Amylopectin

Answer 15

Linear vs branched

(Amalyase doesn’t break alpha-1,6 bond in amylopectin)

Question 16

Glycogen is

Answer 16

storage form of carbohydrates

Question 17

Core of glycogen is

Answer 17

A protein: Glycogenin

Question 18

Cellulose is

Answer 18

a structural polysaccharides (plant)

Question 19

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 19

the process when a small molecule (a metabolite) is transformed into a different molecule through a series of enzymatic reactions

Question 20

Metabolic Regulation

Answer 20

Genes can be upregulated or downregulated

Question 21

Glycolysis (linear pathway)

Answer 21

Substrate: Glucose
Product: Pyruvate

Question 22

Glycolysis: Glucose (6 carbons)

Answer 22

Two pyruvate

Question 23

Reactions in glycolysis (anaerobic process)

Answer 23

+ Ten reactions total

+ Energy investment: 2 ATP in first 5 steps

+ Energy yielding
(Net Yield) Two ATP & 2 NADH/H+ produced

Question 24

Regulation of Glycolysis

Answer 24

The regulation of glycolysis occurs at several points in the pathway and through a variety of mechanisms, including both post translational modification and allosteric regulation

Question 25

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 25

+ produces glucose

+ six reactions

+ can be made from Pyruvate, lactate, glycerol and several amino acids

+ Requires six ATP

Question 26

The five fates of pyruvate

Answer 26

+ Acetyl-CoA
+ Lactate
+ Oxaloacetate
+ Acetaldehyde
+ Alanine