Chap 11 Quiz

Question 1

Zymogens

Answer 1

inactive form of enzymes (aka proenzymes)

Question 2

Pancreatic Enzymes

Answer 2

proteases that cleave peptide linkages

Question 3

Peptidases

Answer 3

enzymes that cleave peptides into smaller amino acids or small peptides

Question 4

Protein digestion begins in the

Answer 4

Stomach; Pepsin

Question 5

Small intestine enzyme

Answer 5

Trypsin

Question 6

Pancreas/small intestine enzyme

Answer 6

Chymotrypsin

Question 7

Amino acid absorption

Answer 7

From the intestine to the blood

Question 8

Biological Roles of A.A.

Answer 8

• Neurotransmitters
• Metabolic intermediates
• Allosteric Regulators
• Metabolism of other A.A.

Question 9

Transamination (an amino group)

Answer 9

a-keto acid <-aG -> A.A.

A.A. <-aT-> a-keto acid

Question 10

Oxidative Deamination

Answer 10

A.A. <–> a-keto acid

(H2O + NAD+)

Question 11

Transamination defined

Answer 11

Process in which ammonia can be removed from an amino acid

Question 12

The amine transferred to an a-keto acid produces

Answer 12

new amino acid and a-keto acid

Question 13

Alanine Transaminase

Answer 13

Enzyme that transaminates pyruvate to the amino acid, alanine

Question 14

Alanine transaminase occurs in the

Answer 14

Muscle

Question 15

Alanine then travels from the muscle to

Answer 15

Liver

Question 16

After alanine is at the liver it is transaminated to ____ from _____

Answer 16

glutamate;
a-ketoglutarate

Question 17

Oxidative Deamination Defined (involves a-keto acid)

Answer 17

the process in which the amine is removed from ammonia

Question 18

*Oxidative deamination generates

Answer 18

NADH/H+

Question 19

Glutamate is commonly used and interconverted to

Answer 19

a-ketoglutarate

Question 20

Glucose-Alanine Shuttle (in muscle)

Answer 20

Metabolic process through which nitrogenous wastes generated in muscle are transferred to pyruvate generating alanine; alanine transported to the liver where it is deaminated and pyruvate is used for gluconeogenesis

Question 21

Alanine is deaminated to

Answer 21

Pyruvate used for gluconeogenesis

Question 22

Urea Cycle Defined

Answer 22

metabolic pathway that generates urea from carbamoyl phosphate

Question 23

Function of Urea Cycle

Answer 23

to detoxify and dispose of ammonia

Question 24

What 2 subcellular compartments does urea cycle occurs in

Answer 24

Mitochondrial matrix (first two)

Cytosol (remaining steps)

Question 25

Carbamoyl Phosphate

Answer 25

Compound created from ammonia in order to reduce ammonia levels in the blood

Question 26

Amino acid categorization

Answer 26

Glucogenic & Ketogenic

Question 27

2 carbon skeleton

Answer 27

Ketone bodies –> Acetyl-CoA

Question 28

3 carbon skeleton

Answer 28

pyruvate

Question 29

4 carbon skeleton

Answer 29

oxaloacetate

Question 30

Xenobiotics

Answer 30

molecule the body recognizes as foreign

Question 31

Xenobiotic metabolism

Answer 31

process by which the body detoxifies and eliminates foreign molecules

Question 32

Xenobiotic metabolism creates more

Answer 32

water-soluble molecules

Question 33

Phase 1 of Xenobiotic metabolism

Answer 33

1) Oxidation or cleavage
2) Xeno. becomes hydrophilic
3) Products are metabolically active

Question 34

Phase 2 of Xenobiotic metabolism

Answer 34

Conjugation to larger molecules such as glutathione or glucuronic acid

Question 35

Ammonotelic

Answer 35

eliminate wastes as ammonia through the skin

Question 36

Examples of ammonotelic animals

Answer 36

Insects, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates and some fish and amphibians

Question 37

Uricotelic

Answer 37

Synthesize uric acid and eliminates it in their waste (not technically urine)

Question 38

Examples of uricotelic animals

Answer 38

Birds and reptiles

Question 39

Glucogenic

Answer 39

amino acids that are broken down into products that undergo gluconeogenesis

Question 40

Ketogenic

Answer 40

Metabolizes products into ketone bodies

(Leucine & Lysine)

Question 41

Cytochrome P450 enzymes

Answer 41

broad family of enzyme that employ NADPH and molecular O2 to oxidatively modify substrate molecules

Question 42

Monoamine Oxidases Defined

Answer 42

Enzymes that deactivate neurotransmitters