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Behavioral Science MCAT 2025 > CHAP 7 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

CHAP 7 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Biomedical Approach to psychological disorders:

A

takes account only the physical and medical causes of psychological disorders.

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial approach considers:

A

relative contributions of biological, psychological and social components in individual’s disorder.

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3
Q

DIagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is used to:

A

diagnose psychological disorders

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4
Q

Schizophernia

A

prototypical disorders with psychosis as a feature

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5
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • adds something to behavior, cognition or affect
    -includes delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and disorganized behavior.
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6
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

-loss of something from behavior, cognition or affect
- include disturbance of affect and avolition

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7
Q

Depressive Disorders

A

include major depressive disorder, dysthymia and sesonal affective disorder

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8
Q

major depressive disorder

A

contains at least one major depressive episode

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9
Q

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

A

presence of depressive symptoms for at least 2 years that do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder

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10
Q

bipolar and related disorder

A

have maniac or hypomanic episodes

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11
Q

bipolar I disorder

A

contains at least one manic episode

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12
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

contains at least one major depressive episode and least 1 hypomanic episodes.

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13
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

-periods of manic and depressive symptoms that are not severe enough
-sypmtoms must persist for 2 years and be present the majority of time

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14
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

capture conditions in which excessive fear or anxiety impairs one’s daily functions. anxiety disorders are differentiated by stimuli that induces anxiety

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15
Q

specific phobia

A

irrational fear of specific objects or situations

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16
Q

Separation anxiety

A

anxiety due to separation from one’s care givers.

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17
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

anxiety due to social or performance situations with the ideation that the patient will be negatively evaluated.

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18
Q

Selective Mutism

A

disorder is the impairment of speech in situations where speaking is expected.

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19
Q

Panic disorders

A

marked by recurrent panic attacks, intense overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus, may lead to agoraphobia

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20
Q

Agoraphobia

A

is fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

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21
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months

22
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder and related disorders

A

characterized y percieved needs ( obsessions or preoccupations ) paired actions to meet those needs

23
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

obsessions ( persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life.

24
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

characterized by an unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s appearance or a specific body part. individual often takes extreme measure to correct the perceived imperfection.

25
Q

Hoarding disorder

A

characterized by the reluctance of giving up one’s physical possessions. often this behavior is associated with excessive acquisitions of physical items.

26
Q

PTSD

A

characterized by intrusions symptoms, avoidance symptoms (avoidance of people, places, objects associated with trauma) negative cognitive symptoms (amnesia, negative mood and emotions) and arousal symptoms (increase startle response, irritability and anxiety) symptoms explained from the behavioral perspective.

27
Q

Dissociative disorders include

A

include dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder and depersonalization/ derealization disorders

28
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder. in severe forms may involve dissociative fugue, a sudden change in location that may involve the assumptions of a new identity.

29
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

is the occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of person behavior

30
Q

Depersonalization/ derealization disorder

A

involves feelings of detachment from the mind and body or from the environment.

31
Q

Somatic symptom and related disorders

A

involves significant symptoms

32
Q

Somatic symptom disorder involves

A

at least one somatic symptom which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical conditions that causes disproportionate concern

33
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming sown with a serious medical condition

34
Q

Conversion disorder

A

involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function and is associated with prior trauma

35
Q

Personality disorders

A

patterns of inflexible maladaptive behvaior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least 2 of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.

36
Q

3 clusters

A

A (odd, eccentric) B (dramatic, emotional, erratic) and C (anxious, fearful)

37
Q

Cluster A

A

paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid pd

38
Q

Cluster B

A

Include antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissitic pd

39
Q

Cluster C

A

anxious and fearful

40
Q

Paranoid

A

pervasive distrust and suspicion of others

41
Q

schizotypal pd

A

involves ideas of reference magical thinking and eccentricity

42
Q

Schizoid OD

A

involves detachment from social relationships and limited emotion

43
Q

Antisocial PD

A

involves a disregard for the rights of others

44
Q

borderline pd

A

involves instability in relationships, mood and self-image. Splitting is characteristic as are recurrent suicide attempts.

45
Q

Histrionic pd

A

involves constant attention - seeking behavior

46
Q

Narcissistic pd

A

involves a grandiose some sense of self importance and need for admiration

47
Q

Avoidant pd

A

involves extreme shyness and fear of rejection

48
Q

Dependent pd

A

involves a continuous need for reassurance

49
Q

obsessive compulsive pd

A

involves perfectionism, inflexibility and preoccupation with rules

50
Q

Schizophrenia may be associated with

A

genetic factor, birth, trauma, adolescent marijuana use and family history. high levels of dopaminergic transmissions.

51
Q

Depression accompanied by high levels

A

of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine

52
Q
A

Behavioral Science MCAT 2025 (12 decks)

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