CHAP 7 Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Biomedical Approach to psychological disorders:

Answer 1

takes account only the physical and medical causes of psychological disorders.

Question 2

Biopsychosocial approach considers:

Answer 2

relative contributions of biological, psychological and social components in individual’s disorder.

Question 3

DIagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is used to:

Answer 3

diagnose psychological disorders

Question 4

Schizophernia

Answer 4

prototypical disorders with psychosis as a feature

Question 5

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 5

• adds something to behavior, cognition or affect
  -includes delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and disorganized behavior.

Question 6

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 6

-loss of something from behavior, cognition or affect
- include disturbance of affect and avolition

Question 7

Depressive Disorders

Answer 7

include major depressive disorder, dysthymia and sesonal affective disorder

Question 8

major depressive disorder

Answer 8

contains at least one major depressive episode

Question 9

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Answer 9

presence of depressive symptoms for at least 2 years that do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder

Question 10

bipolar and related disorder

Answer 10

have maniac or hypomanic episodes

Question 11

bipolar I disorder

Answer 11

contains at least one manic episode

Question 12

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 12

contains at least one major depressive episode and least 1 hypomanic episodes.

Question 13

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 13

-periods of manic and depressive symptoms that are not severe enough
-sypmtoms must persist for 2 years and be present the majority of time

Question 14

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 14

capture conditions in which excessive fear or anxiety impairs one’s daily functions. anxiety disorders are differentiated by stimuli that induces anxiety

Question 15

specific phobia

Answer 15

irrational fear of specific objects or situations

Question 16

Separation anxiety

Answer 16

anxiety due to separation from one’s care givers.

Question 17

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 17

anxiety due to social or performance situations with the ideation that the patient will be negatively evaluated.

Question 18

Selective Mutism

Answer 18

disorder is the impairment of speech in situations where speaking is expected.

Question 19

Panic disorders

Answer 19

marked by recurrent panic attacks, intense overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus, may lead to agoraphobia

Question 20

Agoraphobia

Answer 20

is fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

Question 21

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 21

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months

Question 22

Obsessive compulsive disorder and related disorders

Answer 22

characterized y percieved needs ( obsessions or preoccupations ) paired actions to meet those needs

Question 23

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 23

obsessions ( persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life.

Question 24

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 24

characterized by an unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s appearance or a specific body part. individual often takes extreme measure to correct the perceived imperfection.

Question 25

Hoarding disorder

Answer 25

characterized by the reluctance of giving up one's physical possessions. often this behavior is associated with excessive acquisitions of physical items.

Question 26

PTSD

Answer 26

characterized by intrusions symptoms, avoidance symptoms (avoidance of people, places, objects associated with trauma) negative cognitive symptoms (amnesia, negative mood and emotions) and arousal symptoms (increase startle response, irritability and anxiety) symptoms explained from the behavioral perspective.

Question 27

Dissociative disorders include

Answer 27

include dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder and depersonalization/ derealization disorders

Question 28

dissociative amnesia

Answer 28

inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder. in severe forms may involve dissociative fugue, a sudden change in location that may involve the assumptions of a new identity.

Question 29

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 29

is the occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of person behavior

Question 30

Depersonalization/ derealization disorder

Answer 30

involves feelings of detachment from the mind and body or from the environment.

Question 31

Somatic symptom and related disorders

Answer 31

involves significant symptoms

Question 32

Somatic symptom disorder involves

Answer 32

at least one somatic symptom which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical conditions that causes disproportionate concern

Question 33

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 33

preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming sown with a serious medical condition

Question 34

Conversion disorder

Answer 34

involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function and is associated with prior trauma

Question 35

Personality disorders

Answer 35

patterns of inflexible maladaptive behvaior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least 2 of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.

Question 36

3 clusters

Answer 36

A (odd, eccentric) B (dramatic, emotional, erratic) and C (anxious, fearful)

Question 37

Cluster A

Answer 37

paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid pd

Question 38

Cluster B

Answer 38

Include antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissitic pd

Question 39

Cluster C

Answer 39

anxious and fearful

Question 40

Paranoid

Answer 40

pervasive distrust and suspicion of others

Question 41

schizotypal pd

Answer 41

involves ideas of reference magical thinking and eccentricity

Question 42

Schizoid OD

Answer 42

involves detachment from social relationships and limited emotion

Question 43

Antisocial PD

Answer 43

involves a disregard for the rights of others

Question 44

borderline pd

Answer 44

involves instability in relationships, mood and self-image. Splitting is characteristic as are recurrent suicide attempts.

Question 45

Histrionic pd

Answer 45

involves constant attention - seeking behavior

Question 46

Narcissistic pd

Answer 46

involves a grandiose some sense of self importance and need for admiration

Question 47

Avoidant pd

Answer 47

involves extreme shyness and fear of rejection

Question 48

Dependent pd

Answer 48

involves a continuous need for reassurance

Question 49

obsessive compulsive pd

Answer 49

involves perfectionism, inflexibility and preoccupation with rules

Question 50

Schizophrenia may be associated with

Answer 50

genetic factor, birth, trauma, adolescent marijuana use and family history. high levels of dopaminergic transmissions.

Question 51

Depression accompanied by high levels

Answer 51

of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine