CHAP 11 Social Structures and Demographics

Question 1

functionalism

Answer 1

focuses on the functions of each components fit together.

Question 2

manifest functions

Answer 2

are deliberate actions that serve to help given system

Question 3

latent function

Answer 3

are unexpected unintended or unrecognized positive consequences of manifest functions

Question 4

conflict theory

Answer 4

focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order

Question 5

symbolic interactions

Answer 5

is the study of the ways individuals interact through a shared understanding of words gestures and other symbols

Question 6

social constructionism

Answer 6

explores the ways in which individuals and groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality

Question 7

rational choice theory

Answer 7

states that individuals will make decisions that maximize potential benefits and minimize potential harm

Question 8

exchange theory

Answer 8

applies rational choice theory within social groups

Question 9

feminist theory

Answer 9

explores the ways in which one gender can be subordinated, minimized or devalued compared to others.

Question 10

social institutions

Answer 10

well established social structures that dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationships and are accepted as a fundamental part of culture. Common social institutions include the family education religion, government and the economy and health and medicine.

Question 11

how many key ethical tenets of American medicine are there?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

beneficence

Answer 12

refers to acting in the patient’s best interest

Question 13

nonmaleficence

Answer 13

avoiding treatments for which risk is larger than benefit

Question 14

respect for autonomy

Answer 14

refers to respecting patients rights to make decisions about their own healthcare

Question 15

justice

Answer 15

refers to treating similar patients similarly and distributing healthcare resources fairly.

Question 16

Culture

Answer 16

encompasses the lifestyle of a group of people and includes material and symbolic elements

Question 17

material culture

Answer 17

includes the physical items one associates with a given group suck as artwork, emblems, clothing, jewelry, foods, building, and tools.

Question 18

symbolic culture

Answer 18

includes the ideas associated with cultural group

Question 19

cultural lag

Answer 19

refers to the idea that material culture changes more quickly than symbolic culture

Question 20

cultural barrier

Answer 20

is a social difference that impedes interaction.

Question 21

language

Answer 21

consists of spoken or written symbolic combined into a system and governed by rules.

Question 22

value

Answer 22

what a person deems important in life

Question 23

belief

Answer 23

something a person considers to be true

Question 24

ritual

Answer 24

formalized ceremonial behavior in which members of a group or community regularly engage. it is governed by specific rules, including appropriate behavior and a predetermined order of events.

Question 25

norms

Answer 25

societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behavior.

Question 26

demographics

Answer 26

refers to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical apllications of sociology. Demographic variables include: some of the most common are age, gender, race, and ethnicity, sexual orientation and immigration status.

Question 27

ageism

Answer 27

prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person's age

Question 28

gender

Answer 28

is the set of behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with biological sex.

Question 29

gender equality

Answer 29

is the intentional or unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the other.

Question 30

race

Answer 30

is a social construct based on phenotypic differences between groups of people these may be either real or perceived differences.

Question 31

ethnicity

Answer 31

social construct that sorts people by cultural factors, including language, nationality, religion, and other factors.

Question 32

symbolic ethnicity

Answer 32

recognition of ethnic identity that is only relevant on special occasions or in specific circumstances and dies not specifically impact everyday life.

Question 33

sexual orientation

Answer 33

can be defined by one's sexual interest towards members of the same, opposite or both sexes.

Question 34

immigration

Answer 34

is the movement into a new geographic area.

Question 35

emigration

Answer 35

is the movement away from a geographic area

Question 36

fertility rate

Answer 36

average # of children born to a woman in her lifetime in a population.b

Question 37

birth rate

Answer 37

is relative to population size over time usually measures as the # of births per 1000 per year.

Question 38

mortality rate

Answer 38

average # of death per population size over time. usually measured as the # of death per 1000 per year

Question 39

migration

Answer 39

refers to the movement of people from one geographic location to another

Question 40

demographic transition

Answer 40

is a model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as result of industrialization .

Question 41

social movement

Answer 41

are organized to either promote (proactive) or resist (reactive) social change.

Question 42

globalization

Answer 42

is the process of integrating a global economy with free trade and tapping of foreign labor markets.

Question 43

urbanization

Answer 43

refers to the process of dense areas of population creating a pull for migration or in other words creating cities.