CHAP 12 Social Stratifications

Question 1

social stratification is based on….

Answer 1

socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 2

socioeconomic status depends on…

Answer 2

ascribes status and achieved status

Question 3

ascribed status

Answer 3

involuntary and derives from clearly identifiable characteristic, such as age, gender, and skin color.

Question 4

achieved status

Answer 4

is acquired through direct, individual efforts.

Question 5

social class

Answer 5

is category of people with shared socioeconomic characteristics (upper, middle, lower) these groups have similar lifestyles, job, opportunities, attitudes and behaviors.

Question 6

prestige

Answer 6

is the respect and importance tied to specific occupations or associations

Question 7

power

Answer 7

is the capacity to influence people through real or perceived rewards and punishments. it often depends on the unequal distribution of valued resources. Power differentials create social inequality

Question 8

anomie

Answer 8

is the state of normlessness, Anomic conditions erode social solidarity by means of excessive individualism, social inequality and isolation.

Question 9

social capital

Answer 9

is the investment people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards. Social networks, either situational or positional, are one of the most powerful forms of social capital and can be achieved through establishing strong and weak social ties.

Question 10

meritocracy

Answer 10

refers to a society in which advancement up the social ladder is based on intellectual talent and achievement.

Question 11

social mobility

Answer 11

allows one to acquire higher level employment opportunities by achieving required credentials and experience. social mobility can either occur un positive upward direction or a negative downward direction depending in whether one is promoted or demoted in status.

Question 12

Poverty

Answer 12

is socioeconomic condition. In the US, the poverty line is determined by the governments calculation of the minimal income requirements for families to acquire the minimum necessities of life.

Question 13

social reproduction

Answer 13

refers to the passing on of social inequality, especially poverty, form one generation to the next.

Question 14

absolute poverty

Answer 14

is when people do not have enough resources to acquire basic life necessities such as shelter food, clothing and water.

Question 15

relative poverty

Answer 15

is when one is poor in comparison to a larger population

Question 16

social exclusion

Answer 16

sense of powerlessness when individuals feel alienated from society

Question 17

spatial inequality

Answer 17

form of social stratification across territories and their populations and can occur along residential environmental and global lines.

Question 18

urban areas tend to…

Answer 18

have more diverse economic opportunities and more for social mobility than rural areas. Urban areas also tend to have more low income racial and ethnic minority neighborhoods than rural areas.

Question 19

formation of higher income suburbs is ….

Answer 19

common occurrence and is due in part to the limited mobility of lower income groups in urban areas

Question 20

Environmental injustice

Answer 20

refers to uneven distribution of environmental hazards in neighborhoods.

Question 21

globalization

Answer 21

has led to further inequalities in space food and water, energy, housing and education as the productions of goods shifts to cheaper and cheaper labor markets. this had led to significant economic hardship in industrializing nations.

Question 22

incidence

Answer 22

the # of new cases of a disease per population at risk in a given period of time ex: 1000 at risk people per year

Question 23

prevalence

Answer 23

the # of cases of a disease per population in a given period of time ex: cases 1000 people per year

Question 24

morbidity

Answer 24

is the burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

Question 25

mortality

Answer 25

refers to death caused by a given disease

Question 26

health is dependent….

Answer 26

geographic, social, economic factors

Question 27

second sickness

Answer 27

refers to an exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice

Question 28

poverty is associated with….

Answer 28

health incomes, including decreased life expectancy, higher rates of life shortening diseases, highee rates of suicide, and homicide and higher infant mortality rates.