CHAP 4 Cognition, Consciousness, and Language Flashcards
Information Processing Model states that:
The brain encodes, stores and retrieves information.
What can influence Cognitive development?
Maturation
Culture
Genes
Environment
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development:
Sensorimotor
Pre operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Sensorimotor stage focuses:
Manipulating the environment to meet physical need through circular reactions. Object permanence ends in this stage.
Pre operational Stage focuses:
symbolic thinking, egocentrism, and centration.
Concrete operational stage focuses:
understanding the feelings of others and manipulating physical (concrete) objects.
Formal operational stage focuses:
Abstract thought and problem solving.
Biological factors that can affect cognition include:
Brain Disorder
Genetic and chromosomal conditions, metabolic derangements and drug use
Mental set is?
Pattern of approach for a given problem, an inappropriate mental set may negatively impact problem solving.
Functional Fixedness is?
the tendency to use objects only in the way they are normally utilized, which may create barriers to problem solving.
Types of Problem Solving
-Trial and Error
-Algorithms
-Deductive Reasoning (from general rules)
-Inductive Reasoning (from evidence)
Heuristics
shortcuts or rules of thumb used to make decisions
Biases
exist when experimenter or decision maker is unable to objectively evaluate information
Intuition
Gut feeling
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
proposes 7 areas of intelligence including:
-lingustics
-logical mathematical
-musical
-visual-spatial
-bodily-kinesthetic
-interpersonal
-intrapersonal
States of Consciousness Include:
- alertness
- sleep
- dreaming
- altered states of consciousness
Alertness:
state of being awake, able to think, perceive, process and express information. Beta and Alpha waves predominate EEG
Sleep has how many stages and what are they?
5 sleep stages
Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and REM
Sleep Stage 1
-light sleep
-theta waves
Sleep Stage 2
-slightly deeper sleep
-theta waves
-sleep spindles
- k complexes
Sleep Stage 3 & 4
- deep (sws) slow wave sleep
-delta waves dominate EEG
-sws dreaming focus on declarative memories
Sleep Stage REM
-Sometimes called paradoxical sleep
-mind appears to be awake on EEG
-eye and body paralysis occurs
-REM focuses on consolidating procedural memories.
Sleep Cycle last how long?
90 minutes in adults
What can trigger the release of melatonin by the pineal gland and can result in what?
Light and sleepiness
What rises in the morning to promote wakefulness?
Cortisol
How long are Circadian Rhythm usually?
24hrs
when does most dreaming occur?
REM Stage
Sleep wake disorders:
dyssomnias such as insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea and sleep deprivation and parasomnias sucha s night terrors and sleep walking
