CHAP 5 Motivation, Emotion and Stress Flashcards
What is Motivation?
purpose or driving force behind our actions
Motivations can be extrinsic or intrinsic, meaning?
based on external circumstances or based on internal drive or perception
Instincts are:
innate fixed patterns of behavior
instinct theory states:
people perform certain behaviors because of these evolutionarily programmed instincts
Arousal Theory states:
people perform actions to maintain arousal, the state of being awake and reactive to stimuli at an optimal level.
Yerkes Dodson law states:
that optimal performance is at medium level of arousal
What are drives?
internal states of tension that beget particular behaviors focused on goals.
Primary Drives
related to bodily processes
Secondary Drives
related to learning and include accomplishments and emotions
Drive Reduction Theory states:
motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives , which create uncomfortable internal states
Marslow’s Hierarchy of Needs states:
prioritizes needs into 5 categories
1. physiological needs (highest)
2. safety and security
3. love and belonging
4. self esteem
5. self actualization (lowest)
Self Determination Theory states:
emphasizes the role of 3 universal needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness
Incentive Theory states:
explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments
Expectancy-Value Theory states:
the amount motivation for a task is based on the individual’s expectations of success and the amount that success is valued.
Opponent-Process Theory explains:
motivation for drug use, as drug use increases, the body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.
Sexual Motivation is related:
to hormones as well as cultural and social factors
Emotions is:
state of mind or feeling that is subjectively experienced based on circumstances, mood and relationships
3 Components of Emotion
Cognitive (subjectively)
Behavioral (facial expressions and body language)
Physiological (changes in the autonomic nervous system)
What are the Seven Universal Emotions?
Happiness, Sadness, Contempt, Surprise, Fear, Disgust and Anger
James - Lange Theory states:
Nervous system arousal leads to an emotional experience.
Cannon - Bard Theory states:
arousal of the nervous system and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously.
Schachter Singer Theory states:
Nervous system arousal is combined with cognition to create the experience of emotion.
Limbic System is?
primary nervous system component involved in experiencing emotion.
Amygdala function:
involved with attention and fear, helps interpret facial expressions, and is part of the intrinstic memory system for emotional memory.
