CHAP 5 Motivation, Emotion and Stress

Question 1

What is Motivation?

Answer 1

purpose or driving force behind our actions

Question 2

Motivations can be extrinsic or intrinsic, meaning?

Answer 2

based on external circumstances or based on internal drive or perception

Question 3

Instincts are:

Answer 3

innate fixed patterns of behavior

Question 4

instinct theory states:

Answer 4

people perform certain behaviors because of these evolutionarily programmed instincts

Question 5

Arousal Theory states:

Answer 5

people perform actions to maintain arousal, the state of being awake and reactive to stimuli at an optimal level.

Question 6

Yerkes Dodson law states:

Answer 6

that optimal performance is at medium level of arousal

Question 7

What are drives?

Answer 7

internal states of tension that beget particular behaviors focused on goals.

Question 8

Primary Drives

Answer 8

related to bodily processes

Question 9

Secondary Drives

Answer 9

related to learning and include accomplishments and emotions

Question 10

Drive Reduction Theory states:

Answer 10

motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives , which create uncomfortable internal states

Question 11

Marslow’s Hierarchy of Needs states:

Answer 11

prioritizes needs into 5 categories
1. physiological needs (highest)
2. safety and security
3. love and belonging
4. self esteem
5. self actualization (lowest)

Question 12

Self Determination Theory states:

Answer 12

emphasizes the role of 3 universal needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness

Question 13

Incentive Theory states:

Answer 13

explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments

Question 14

Expectancy-Value Theory states:

Answer 14

the amount motivation for a task is based on the individual’s expectations of success and the amount that success is valued.

Question 15

Opponent-Process Theory explains:

Answer 15

motivation for drug use, as drug use increases, the body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.

Question 16

Sexual Motivation is related:

Answer 16

to hormones as well as cultural and social factors

Question 17

Emotions is:

Answer 17

state of mind or feeling that is subjectively experienced based on circumstances, mood and relationships

Question 18

3 Components of Emotion

Answer 18

Cognitive (subjectively)
Behavioral (facial expressions and body language)
Physiological (changes in the autonomic nervous system)

Question 19

What are the Seven Universal Emotions?

Answer 19

Happiness, Sadness, Contempt, Surprise, Fear, Disgust and Anger

Question 20

James - Lange Theory states:

Answer 20

Nervous system arousal leads to an emotional experience.

Question 21

Cannon - Bard Theory states:

Answer 21

arousal of the nervous system and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously.

Question 22

Schachter Singer Theory states:

Answer 22

Nervous system arousal is combined with cognition to create the experience of emotion.

Question 23

Limbic System is?

Answer 23

primary nervous system component involved in experiencing emotion.

Question 24

Amygdala function:

Answer 24

involved with attention and fear, helps interpret facial expressions, and is part of the intrinstic memory system for emotional memory.

Question 25

Thalamus Function:

Answer 25

sensory processing station

Question 26

Hypothalamus Function:

Answer 26

releases neurotransmitters that affect mood and arousal.

Question 27

Hippocampus Function:

Answer 27

creates long term explicit episodic memories

Question 28

Prefrontal Cortex Function:

Answer 28

involved with planning, expressing personality, and making decisions.

Question 29

Ventral Prefrontal Cortex function:

Answer 29

critical experiencing emotion

Question 30

ventromedial prefrontal cortex function:

Answer 30

Specifically involved in controlling emotional responses from the amygdala and decision making.

Question 31

What is stress?

Answer 31

physiological and cognitive response to challenge or life challenges

Question 32

Stress Appraisal has how many stages?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

Primary Appraisal states:

Answer 33

classifying a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful.

Question 34

Secondary Appraisal states:

Answer 34

directed at evaluating if the organism can cope with the stress based on harm, threat, and challenge.

Question 35

What is a stressor?

Answer 35

Anything that leads to a stress response and can include environment, daily events, workplace, or academic settings, social expectations, chemical and biological stressors.

Question 36

Stressors can lead to?

Answer 36

distress or eustress

Question 37

What are the stages of general adaption syndrome?

Answer 37

alarm
resistance
exhaustion