chap 6- the demand for sleep Flashcards
what is consciousness
the awareness of internal and external environments at any moment
what does consciousness include
thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions and memories that you are aware of at any given time
what is a psychological construct
a phenomena that is believed to exist but cannot be directly measured
what are 3 characteristics of NWC
moderate to high levels of awareness
accurate perception of reality
a degree of self control
what are 3 characteristics of ASCs
low levels of awareness
lack of self control
distorted perceptions of reality
what is sleep
a naturally occurring state of consciousness that we experience every day
what is sleep characterized by
a lack of awareness of the external environment and is accompanied by numerous physiological changes compared with normal waking consciousness
what are the two types of sleep
non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM)
how many stages of NREM are there
3
does sleep become deeper as the stages of NREM progress
yes
does NREM replenish the body or the brain
the body
do bodily rates become more regular during NREM sleep
yes
does activity of the brain slow down or speed up in NREM
slows down
NREM stage 1 waves information
theta waves begin to replace alpha waves
when may hypnic jerks be experienced
in NREM stage 1
how long does NREM stage 1 last for
2-10 minutes
bodily information about NREM stage 1
movement is minimal, heart/breathing/metabolic rates aswell as blood pressure begin to decrease
what is the hypnogogic phase
the transition from wakefulness into NREM stage 1
how long does NREM stage 2 last for
20-30 minutes
what happens to bodily rates during NREM stage 2
heart/breathing/metabolic rates continue to decrease
is a sleeper still receptive to loud noises/external stimuli during NREM stage 2
yes
when is the deep sleep during NREM
stage 3 as it is difficult to wake from
brain waves in NREM stage 3
mostly delta waves as it is a slow wave sleep (SWS)
how long does NREM stage 3 last for and how does this change over the night
20-40 minutes, this decreases in length over the night
what are bodily rates like in NREM stage 3
heart/breathing rate stabilize, muscles are relaxed and eyes show little movement.
when do quick movements of the eyes under the eyelids occur
REM sleep
is the body active in REM sleep
the brain and internal organs are very active despite REM sleep being a very deep type of sleep
how do neurons in the brain behave in REM sleep
as they would when we are awake
what is REM sleep helpful for
brain development and brain health, research also suggests it is helpful for learning and memory
how can physiological responses be measured
EEG, EMG or EOG
what does EEG stand for
electroencephalograph
what does EMG stand for
electromyograph
what does EOG stand for
electro-oculargraph
what is an EEG
a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the neurons in the brain
what does an EEG produce
a recording of brainwave patterns which can be analyzed and interpreted
beta waves
low amplitude
akpha waves
low-medium amplitude
theta waves
medium-high amplitude
delta waves
high amplitude
what does an EOG do
detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles responsible for controlling eye movements
what does an EOG provide
an indication of the changes in eye movement that occurs through a nights sleep
shows what stage of sleep a person is in
what does an EMG do
detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of muscles of the body.
shows what stage of sleep a person is in
what are other techniques to measuring sleep
self reports
sleep diaries
video monitering
what is a circadian rhythm
a sleep wake cycle that takes place once every 24 hours.
body temp and melatonin production are also circadian rhythms
what is a sleep wake cycle
an altering pattern of being awake and falling asleep
what is an ultradian rhythm,
a sleep cycle that is a biological, cyclical occurrence that operates more than once a day.
how many cycles of sleep do we experience during a nights sleep
4-5 consisting of alternating episodes of REM and NREM sleep. each lasting about 90 minutes
brain waves during NREM stage 2
predominately theta waves
how much sleep does a newborn need
16 hours
50% NREM
how much sleep does a child need
10-11 hrs
75-80% NREM
how much sleep does an adolescent need
9 hrs
80% NREM
how much sleep does an adult need
7-8 hrs
80% NREM
how much sleep do the elderly need
6-7 hrs
80% NREM
