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Criminology > Chap 5 SG > Flashcards

Chap 5 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Forensic psychology

A

the application of the science of profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system. Also called criminal psychology

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2
Q

Criminal psychology

A

IS THE STUDY OF THE WILLS: THOUGHTS, INTENTIONS AND REACTIONS OF CRIMINALS, ALL THAT PARTAKES IN CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

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3
Q

Personality

A

is the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique

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4
Q

Behaviorism

A

a theory in criminology that criminal behaviors are learned through experiences in the environment, and are not inherited

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5
Q

Conditioning

A

a type of learning that occurs when an animal or human associates a particular stimulus with a particular response

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6
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

criminal behavior is the result of unresolved conflicts from childhood that have been repressed into the unconscious mind

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7
Q

Schizophrenia

A

a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves (psychopathology)

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8
Q

Psychopath

A

a theory that describes a person who is self-centered and selfish, and will use manipulation or force to achieve their own goals

(antisocial behavior, Lack sympathy, empathy, or embarrassment, effective manipulators, the motivation of others (and use that against you), disassociate emotionally from their actions, charm and intelligence)

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9
Q

Sociopath

A

dangerous criminals because of their inability to form normal relationships and their self-centeredness

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10
Q

Antisocial personality

A

put more emphasis on the behavior. My behavior puts me into conflict with those around us
common among prison population (selfish, callous, irresponsible, impulsive,
and don’t learn from experience or punishment)

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11
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

a recording of brain activity that is produced by attaching small sensors to the scalp

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12
Q

Traits

A

are stable personality patterns that tend to endure throughout the life course and across social and cultural contexts

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13
Q

Five factor model

A

1) Openness to experience
2) Extraversion
3) Conscientiousness
4) Neuroticism
5) Agreeableness

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14
Q

Moral development theory

A

A perspective of crime causation holding that individuals become criminal when
they have not successfully completed their intellectual development from
childhood to adulthood. You just never grew up

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15
Q

Cognitive Information Processing Theory

A

People make decisions through complex thought processes, comparing information with past experiences, seeking acceptable responses, and acting on decisions. Violent individuals seek context and act out of preservation

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16
Q

Scripts

A

allow us to enter a situation with a set of expectations so we can predict the outcomes or given situations and act accordingly

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17
Q

Neurosis

A

Anxiety, phobias, or other abnormal behavior

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18
Q

Psychosis

A

You’re out of touch with reality

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19
Q

Sublimation

A

You substitute one aspect of consciousness with another

20
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Criminal therapy - can be used in criminology to help treat criminal behaviors and prevent recidivism (repeating offenses)

21
Q

Id

A

(pleasure principle/lil devil on the shoulder) This is where your base desires and urges come from. It drives your instinctual impulses and seeks to satisfy your primitive
needs with immediate gratification

22
Q

Ego

A

(reality-testing part of your personality) your conscience and is in touch with the realities in situations. It controls your behavior and keeps your id in check

23
Q

Superego

A

(lil angel on your shoulder) your morality or conscience. It helps you uphold your moral standards when you are faced with a decision. It also takes into consideration the morals of your community

24
Q

Repression

A

taking your natural desires and impulses and burying them in our subconscious where they stay dormant

25
Q

Paranoid schizophrenic

A

a schizophrenic who suffers from delusions and hallucinations (irrational behavior, often stemming from auditory or visual hallucinations and delusions/can be violent)

26
Q

Risk assessment

A

a tool used to predict an individual’s likelihood of reoffending or breaking the law

27
Q

Alloplastic adaptation

A

a form of adaptation where the subject attempts to change the environment when faced with a difficult situation

28
Q

Autoplastic adaptation

A

describes how people can psychologically adapt to and even find comfort in difficult environments, such as prisons (Sigmund Freud)

29
Q

Criminogenic needs

A

1) Antisocial attitudes, values, and beliefs
2) Antisocial personality and low self-control
3) Antisocial associates and friends
4) Low levels of social achievement (lack of education or vocational training, financial
achievement)
5) Family factors (including marital instability or a criminal family)
6) Substance abuse
7) Lack of prosocial pursuits

30
Q

Attachment theory

A

(Infants need to bond with a parent figure early in life to be well-adjusted later)
Delinquent behavior happens when these connection aren’t made. I am plagued with feelings of uncertainty
because I don’t have parental care I can count on

31
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

was the best-know psychiatrist of all time and was the father of psychoanalysis—
theories based in the unconscious, resistance, sexuality, repression, and the Oedipus complex (didn’t specifically address criminology)

32
Q

Behavior therapy

A

we reward behavior and see an increase in that behavior. We punish behavior and we will see a decrease in that behavior

33
Q

Operant behavior

A

Your response to that reward/punishment. We have positive rewards or negative rewards; positive punishment or negative punishments

34
Q

Social cognition theory

A

We learn to act by watching others and doing what they do. This can be a parent, sibling, TV character, friend, teacher, etc

35
Q

Modeling

A

TV exposure to violent characters early in life may link to later aggression, adverse life-turns may trigger aggression, and internal self-regulatory mechanisms may punish self-violence

36
Q

Correctional psychology (gists)

A

Forensic psychologists offer mental health services in prisons, including assessments, interventions, and treatments, with complete control over behaviors, rewards, punishments, and risk factors to prevent future offenses

37
Q

Psychological profiling

A

Crime clues reflect offender personality, and crime scenes are analyzed to develop a profile of the unsub, focusing on understanding the offense and its perpetrator

38
Q

What are the common signs of a psychopathic personality?

A

-Impulsivity
-Lack of empathy
-Antisocial behavior
-Unemotional traits
-Lack of realistic, long-term goals
-Need for stimulation
-Pathological lying
-Superficial charm
-Violent tendencies, abuse, or aggression

39
Q

How does schizophrenia influence criminal behavior?

A

People with schizophrenia are at a higher risk of committing violent crimes than the general population

40
Q

What are the main critiques of psychological and psychiatric theories?

A

The environment’s influence on crime is undervalued, as it reduces our ability to prevent it. Our varying aversions to rewards and punishments further complicate this issue

41
Q

Charismatic psychopaths

A

charming, attractive, and also a habitual liar. They manipulate others for their own benefit. The feelings of those others do not come into consideration

42
Q

Personality Disturbances

A

Schizophrenics, bipolar, and ADHD all fall under psychopathology

43
Q

Distempered psychopaths

A

easily offended, fly into rages with the slightest provocation. They have strong urges (including sexual) and are prone to addiction

44
Q

Primary psychopaths

A

are born that way

45
Q

Secondary psychopaths (or sociopaths)

A

are born “normal” but develop
psychopathic tendencies through trauma or abuse

Criminology (11 decks)

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